Central retinal vein occlusion with COVID-19 infection as the presumptive etiology

Walinjkar, Jaydeep; Makhija, Sneha; Sharma, Hitesh; Morekar, Sunil R; Natarajan, Sundaram

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_2575_20

Cited by 91 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The patient was put on a therapeutic dose of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Walinjkar et al [ 17 ] reported a 17-year-old COVID-19 patient with CRVO with macular edema, who was injected bevacizumab twice, and the visual acuity improved from 20/60 to 20/40 within 2 months.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenetic implications: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Introduction The pandemic of COVID-19 has been caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Apart from respiratory malfunction, COVID-19 causes a system-wide thromboembolic state, leading to serious cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular manifestations. However, our knowledge regarding retinal manifestations due to systemic COVID-19 is minimal. This systematic review has comprehensively summarized all retinal manifestations secondary to COVID-19 disease recorded till date since the beginning of the pandemic. Methods All studies published till November 27, 2020, which have reported retinal manifestations in COVID-19 patients were systematically reviewed using the PRISMA statement. Results We included 15 articles: 11 case reports and four cross-sectional case series. The most commonly reported manifestations which did not affect visual acuity were retinal hemorrhages and cotton wool spots. The most common vision threatening manifestation was retinal vein occlusion with associated macular edema. Rarely, patients may also present with retinal arterial occlusions and ocular inflammation. These manifestations may occur from as soon as within a week after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms to more than 6 weeks after. Conclusion Mostly causing milder disease, COVID-19 may however lead to severe life-threatening thromboembolic complications, and systemic antithrombotic therapy has been suggested as a prophylactic and therapeutic management strategy for patients affected with serious systemic disease. However, both sick and apparently healthy patients may suffer from various retinal complications which may lead to loss of vision as well. No consensus regarding management of retinal complications with anticoagulants or anti-inflammatory medications have been proposed; however, they may be tackled on individual basis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenetic implications: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“… 10 Moreover, retinal hemorrhages, central retinal vein occlusion and other retinal thrombotic complications have been observed in COVID-19 patients. 11 , 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Moreover, retinal hemorrhages, central retinal vein occlusion and other retinal thrombotic complications have been observed in COVID-19 patients. 11,12 Here, we described three cases of uveitis developing a few weeks after diagnosis of COVID-19, new mutations of the virus are still emerging which should raise red flags for possibly more severe complications and higher rates of infection. The COVID-19 pathophysiology is still not well understood as many factors affect the prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Patients Presenting with Uveitis – A Short Case Series

Iriqat¹,

Yousef²,

Ereqat³

2021

IMCRJ

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Purpose To present the clinical features of anterior, intermediate and posterior uveitis in patients with COVID-19 and to increase the awareness of the treating physicians to refer patients with COVID-19 who have eye symptoms for ophthalmic exam, in order to diagnose as early as possible and prevent vision-threatening complications. Methods Retrospective observational case reports. Results We report three cases of COVID-19 patients who developed uveitis during or after the course of their sickness with COVID-19. All patients underwent a detailed eye examination, relevant history and investigations did not prove any other cause of uveitis. Conclusion This report presents novel data on the course of subjects with uveitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intermediate and posterior uveitis warrant further evaluation with differential diagnosis supported by laboratory tests due to the association with systemic diseases and risk of permanent vision loss. Iridocyclitis, intermediate, and posterior uveitis treatment should be guided by ophthalmologists, particularly uveitis specialists, when possible.

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“…Apart from this, there were 6 (3.29%) review articles viz., teleophthalmology,[ 23 ] COVID-19 prophylaxis,[ 24 ] long-term corneal preservation techniques,[ 25 ] therapeutic opportunities to manage COVID-19,[ 26 ] lessons learned during COVID-19 pandemic,[ 4 ] and ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19. [ 27 ] Surprisingly, there were only five (2.74%) case report, one (0.54%) on follicular conjunctivitis,[ 28 ] two (0.10%) on central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO),[ 29 30 ] one on (0.54%) COVID-19-associated papilledema,[ 31 ] and one on (0.54%) Adie–Holmes syndrome associated with COVID-19[ 32 ] probably owing to lack of documented evidence and COVID-19 testing facilities at majority centers in India. In addition, there were three (1.64%) articles on current ophthalmology, which added flavor and value to the COVID-19 research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Publication trend of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 articles in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology during the pandemic

Gurnani

Kaur

2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To analyze the trend of COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related articles published in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all COVID-19 and non-COVID-19-related articles published in all the issues of IJO from January 2020 to March 2021 was performed. The data were obtained from the official website of IJO, Editor IJO monthly email, and PubMed. The monthly data were analyzed and a comparative analysis was done. The articles were segregated as Original, Review, Case Report/Series, Letter to the Editor/Commentary, Guest Editorial, Research methodology, Point-Counterpoint, Consensus Criteria, Ophthalmic Images, Photo Essay, Surgical Techniques, and AIOS Meeting Papers. Results: Out of 1343 articles published in IJO during the pandemic, 182 (13.55%) were COVID-19-related and 1161 (86.45%) were non-COVID-19-related articles. Among COVID-19 articles (182), majority were letter to the editors 66 (36.26%), followed by original articles 39 (21.42%), commentaries 24 (13.18%), editorials 18 (9.89%), and preferred practices 13 (7.14%). The least were case reports five (2.74%), current ophthalmology and innovation three (1.64%) each, and one (0.54%) each of consensus criteria, images, and photo assays. In the non-COVID-19-related articles (1161), maximum were original articles 276 (23.77%), followed by case reports 179 (15.41%), photo assays 157 (13.52%), and commentaries 141 (12.14%). The least were three (0.25%) consensus criteria and two (0.17%) each of current ophthalmology and innovations. The lockdown issue with 223 articles, postlockdown phase 1 had 267, postlockdown phase 2 had 321, and postlockdown phase 3 with 316 (1127 articles) articles in IJO showed a rising trend in a number of published articles compared with the prelockdown issues (216 articles). Conclusion: The quality and quantity of articles published in IJO increased and improved significantly. The results were seen with progressive improvement in citations and impact factors of the journal.

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Central retinal vein occlusion with COVID-19 infection as the presumptive etiology

Cited by 91 publications

References 11 publications

Retinal manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenetic implications: a systematic review

Retinal manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenetic implications: a systematic review

Clinical Profile of COVID-19 Patients Presenting with Uveitis – A Short Case Series

Publication trend of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 articles in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology during the pandemic

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