Ceramic and organic insulators for fusion applications

Clinard, F.W.; Hurley, G.F.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(82)90681-x

Cited by 49 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Induction of compressive stresses on the graphite fibres by a slight shrink of matrix and/or swelling of the fibres can probably be attributed to the improvement of ILSS. When organic materials are subjected to neutron irradiation, the degradation is caused mainly by recoil particles, that are produced by neutron reactions such as elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, and nuclear reaction [102]. On the other hand γ-ray irradiation induced degradations are primarily due to secondary electrons generated by the interaction with photons.…”

Section: Effect Of Neutron and γ-Ray Irradiation On Frp'smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy associated with the UV radiation is capable to dissociate the molecule bonds in polymer matrix and may lead to the degradation of the materials. Polymer matrix composites are promising materials for mechanical supporters and electrical insulators in the construction of superconducting magnets for fusion reactors [6]. Under such kind of applications the neutron and γ-ray irradiation may modify the structure and microstructure of polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability and integrity studies of environmentally conditioned interfaces in fibrous polymeric composites: Critical concepts and comments

Ray

Rathore

2014

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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Section: Effect Of Neutron and γ-Ray Irradiation On Frp'smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and integrity studies of environmentally conditioned interfaces in fibrous polymeric composites: Critical concepts and comments

Ray

Rathore

2014

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

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“…It was shown that the volume change of A1 2 0 3 is anisotropic and is larger than that of spinel by about a factor of five. Above 90QK the swelling of spinel is less than 10% of that of A1,0 3 [85,86]. dose, however, are not sufficient to extrapolate empirical design equations.…”

Section: Swelling Of Spinelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TITAN reversed-field-pinch fusion reactor study

1990

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The TITAN Reversed-Field-Pinck (RFP) fusion-reactor study is a multi-institutional research effort to determine the technical feasibility and key developmental issues for an RFP fusion reactor operating at high power density, and to determine the poten tial economic (cost of electricity), operational (maintenance and availability), safety and environmental features of high mass-pov IT-density fusion systems. Mass power density (MPD) is defined as the ratio of net electric output to the mass of the fusion power core (FPC). The fusion power core includes the plasma chamber, first wall, blanket, shield, magnets, and related structure. Two different detailed designs, TITAN-I and TITAN-II, have been produced to demon strate the possibility of multiple engineering-design approaches to high-MPD reactors. TITAN-I is a self-cooled lithium design with a vanadium-alloy structure^ TITAN-II is a self-cooled aqueous loop-in-pool design with 9C ferritic steel as the structural material. Both designs would use RFP plasmas operating with essentially the same parameters. Both conceptual reactors are based on the DT fuel cycle, have a net electric output of about 1000MWe, are compact, and have a high MPD of 800 kWe per tonne of FPC. The inherent physical characteristics of the RFP confinement concept make possible compact fusion reactors with such a high mass power density. The TITAN designs would meet the U. S. criteria for the near-surface disposal of radioactive waste (Class C, 1QCFR61) and would achieve a high Level of Safety Assurance with respect to FPC damage by decay afterheat and radioactivity release caused by accidents. Very importantly, a "single-piece" FPC maintenance procedure has been worked out and appears feasible for both designs. Parametric system studies have been used to find cost-optimized designs, to determine the parametric design window associated with each approach, and to assess the sensitivity of the designs to a wide range of physics and engineering requirements and assumptions. The design window for such compact RFP reactors would include machines with neutron wall loadings in the range of 10-20 MW/m 2 with a shallow minimum-COE at about ISMW/m*. Even though operation at the lower end of the this range of wall loading (10-12 MW/n?) is possible, and may be preferable, the TITAN study adopted the design point at the upper end (18MW/rr&) in order to quantify and assess the technical feasibility and physics limits for such high-MPD reactors. From this work, key physics and engineering issues central to achieving reactors with the features of TITAN-I and TITAN-H have emerged.

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Cryogenic failure mechanisms of fiber‐epoxy composites for energy applications

et al. 1987

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Fiber‐reinforced composites used in the production, storage, and transport of energy are often exposed to extreme environments such as cryogenic temperatures and/or nuclear radiation. The fraction resistance of composites subjected to these conditions are of fundamental interest. A study was undertaken to examine the effects of Gammaradiation on the structure and properties of fibers, matrix and their interfacial bonding in terms of their influence on composite failure mechanisms. Also thermomechanical analysis was conducted to estimate the residual thermal stresses due to differential thermal expansion coefficients both between fiber and matrix and between two laminae. Results indicate that the impact energy of a composite laminate could be increased by 100 percent by immersing the specimen in liquid nitrogen for only five min. Samples impact‐tested at cryogenic temperatures were found to possess a great degree of delamination and crack bifurcation. Thermomechanical analysis and SEM investigation both reveal that microcracking and small‐scale delamination are promoted by differential thermal contraction. Such effects could be responsible for the observed crack branching and delamination phenomena during impact loading. Although under certain circumstances the Gammaradiation may yield a small increase in fracture resistance it generally degrades the cohesive strength of the matrix and reduces the interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix. Results of a mechanical and microscopic analysis are presented and discussed.

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Ceramic and organic insulators for fusion applications

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

Durability and integrity studies of environmentally conditioned interfaces in fibrous polymeric composites: Critical concepts and comments

Durability and integrity studies of environmentally conditioned interfaces in fibrous polymeric composites: Critical concepts and comments

The TITAN reversed-field-pinch fusion reactor study

Cryogenic failure mechanisms of fiber‐epoxy composites for energy applications

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