Ceramide changes in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue among diabetic and nondiabetic patients

Abstract

Background This study profiles ceramides extracted from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of human subjects by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to determine a correlation with status of diabetes and gender. Methods Samples of visceral and abdominal wall subcutaneous adipose tissue (n = 36 and n = 31, respectively) were taken during laparoscopic surgery from 36 patients (14 nondiabetic, 22 diabetic and prediabetic) undergoing bariatric surgery with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 with ≥1 existing comorbidity or BMI ≥40 kg/m2. Sphingolipids were extracted and analyzed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Results After logarithm 2 conversion, paired analysis of visceral to subcutaneous tissue showed differential accumulation of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in visceral tissue of prediabetic/diabetic female subjects, but not in males. Within‐tissue analysis showed higher mean levels of ceramide species linked to insulin resistance, such as Cer(d18:1/18:0) and Cer(d18:1/16:0), in visceral tissue of prediabetic/diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic subjects and higher content of Cer(d18:1/14:0) in subcutaneous tissue of insulin‐resistant female patients compared with prediabetic/diabetic males. Statistically significant differences in mean levels of ceramide species between insulin‐resistant African American and insulin‐resistant Caucasian patients were not evident in visceral or subcutaneous tissue. Conclusions Analysis of ceramides is important for developing a better understanding of biological processes underlying type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Knowledge of the accumulated ceramides/dihydroceramides may reflect on the prelipolytic state that leads the lipotoxic phase of insulin resistance and may shed light on the predisposition to insulin resistance by gender.

Determination of endogenous sphingolipid content in stroke rats and HT22 cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation by LC‒MS/MS

“…With the advent of LC-MS, the rapid and precise identification and quantification of endogenous lipids can be achieved. Brusatori M [51]analyzed the content of ceramide in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue by LC-MS and found that ceramide was correlated with diabetes and gender. Cho HE [18] achieved the distinction and quantification of C18-L-threo-sphinganine and the diastereomer C18-D-erythro-sphinganine in human plasma by HILIC-LC-MS. Brogden [52] conducted qualitative and quantitative studies on sphingosine and sphinganine by chemical derivatization and liquid phase-fluorescence detection.…”

Lipidomic markers of obesity and their dynamics after bariatric surgery

“…В висцеральной ткани у пациентов с диабетом и предиабетом повышено содержание Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/18:1), Cer(d18:1/20:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1) в отличие от недиабетических субъектов [60]. Аналогичный результат получили B. Choromańska и соавт.…”

Effect of circulating ceramides on adiposity and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: An observational cross‐sectional study

“…Ceramide levels have been associated with glucose metabolism dysregulation 23,24 and subsequent IR in humans, albeit the precise mechanism is unknown. Reducing peripheral glucose absorption, inactivating Akt and generating an inflammatory milieu (activating tumour necrosis factor‐alpha) are all conceivable mechanisms that have been proposed for how a high concentration of ceramides could cause IR 25–27 …”

“…Reducing peripheral glucose absorption, inactivating Akt and generating an inflammatory milieu (activating tumour necrosis factor-alpha) are all conceivable mechanisms that have been proposed for how a high concentration of ceramides could cause IR. [25][26][27] In sub-Saharan Africa, there is very little information or data on the role of circulating ceramides and IR. Currently, available treatment options for IR and T2DM focus on lowering cholesterol and triglycerides.…”

“…Reducing peripheral glucose absorption, inactivating Akt and generating an inflammatory milieu (activating tumour necrosis factor‐alpha) are all conceivable mechanisms that have been proposed for how a high concentration of ceramides could cause IR. 25 , 26 , 27 …”