“…Several recent experiments paired tDCS with neuroimaging techniques such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS; Ishikuro, et al, 2014; Jones, Gozenman, et al, 2015; Khan, et al, 2013; McKendrick, Parasuraman, & Ayaz, 2015; Merzagora, et al, 2010; Muthalib, Besson, Rothwell, Ward, & Perrey, 2016; Muthalib, Kan, Nosaka, & Perrey, 2013), or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI; Alon, Roys, Gullapalli, & Greenspan, 2011; Antal, Polania, Schmidt-Samoa, Dechent, & Paulus, 2011; Holland, et al, 2011; Kwon & Jang, 2011) to investigate neural changes after tDCS. These data lead to the interpretation that tDCS improves the efficiency of task relevant neural networks.…”