Cerebral Microdialysis: Research Technique or Clinical Tool?

Borg, Anouk; Smith, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-173-8_1

Microdialysis Techniques in Neuroscience

2012

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-173-8_1

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Cerebral Microdialysis: Research Technique or Clinical Tool?

Anouk Borg¹,

Martin Smith²

Abstract: SummaryCerebral microdialysis is a well-established laboratory tool that is increasingly used as a bedside monitor to provide on-line analysis of brain tissue biochemistry during neurointensive care. This review describes the principles of cerebral microdialysis and the rationale for its use in the clinical setting, including discussion of the most commonly used microdialysis biomarkers of acute brain injury. Potential clinical applications are reviewed and future research applications identified. Microdialysi… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications

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Cerebral Microdialysis

Young

Kalanuria

Kumar

et al. 2016

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America

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A variety of neuromonitoring techniques are available to aid in the care of neurocritically ill patients. However, traditional monitors lack the ability to measure brain biochemistry and may provide inadequate warning of potentially reversible deleterious conditions. Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) is a safe, novel method of monitoring regional brain biochemistry. Analysis of CMD analytes as part of a multimodal approach may help inform clinical decision making, guide medical treatments, and aid in prognostication of patient outcome. Its use is most frequently documented in traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Incorporating CMD into clinical practice is a multidisciplinary effort.

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Cerebral Microdialysis

Young

Kalanuria

Kumar

et al. 2016

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America

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In silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to analyse drug permeation across the blood-brain barrier: A critical review

Shityakov¹,

Salvador²,

Förster³

2013

OA Anaesthetics

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IntroductionThe existence of the blood-brain barrier in the human body leads to the insufficiency in delivering therapeutic compounds into the brain for the effective treatment of various neurological disorders. In order to determine the possibility of such agents to penetrate through the blood-brain barrier, different in silico, in vitro and in vivo methods may be implemented. Some of them are often provided with unreliable results while others are not feasible in high-throughput screening environment. The goal of this review was to characterise the latest state-of-the-art methods that have been developed and used in the pharmaceutical research in the last few decades to assess the permeation of novel therapeutic entities across the blood-brain barrier.We carried out a literature research and study selection by searching for published biomedical articles in the PubMed archive. Conclusion Overall, the combination of in silico, in vitro and in vivo methods in the bloodbrain barrier research may lead to the discovery of promising drug compounds and more accurate information of brain uptake mechanisms.

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Microglia Activation as a Biomarker for Traumatic Brain Injury

Hernandez-Ontiveros¹,

Tajiri²,

Acosta³

et al. 2013

Front. Neurol.

248

236

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become the signature wound of wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Injury may result from a mechanical force, a rapid acceleration-deceleration movement, or a blast wave. A cascade of secondary cell death events ensues after the initial injury. In particular, multiple inflammatory responses accompany TBI. A series of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines spreads to normal brain areas juxtaposed to the core impacted tissue. Among the repertoire of immune cells involved, microglia is a key player in propagating inflammation to tissues neighboring the core site of injury. Neuroprotective drug trials in TBI have failed, likely due to their sole focus on abrogating neuronal cell death and ignoring the microglia response despite these inflammatory cells’ detrimental effects on the brain. Another relevant point to consider is the veracity of results of animal experiments due to deficiencies in experimental design, such as incomplete or inadequate method description, data misinterpretation, and reporting may introduce bias and give false-positive results. Thus, scientific publications should follow strict guidelines that include randomization, blinding, sample-size estimation, and accurate handling of all data (Landis et al., 2012). A prolonged state of inflammation after brain injury may linger for years and predispose patients to develop other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. TBI patients display progressive and long-lasting impairments in their physical, cognitive, behavioral, and social performance. Here, we discuss inflammatory mechanisms that accompany TBI in an effort to increase our understanding of the dynamic pathological condition as the disease evolves over time and begin to translate these findings for defining new and existing inflammation-based biomarkers and treatments for TBI.

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Cerebral Microdialysis: Research Technique or Clinical Tool?

Cited by 5 publications

References 92 publications

Cerebral Microdialysis

Cerebral Microdialysis

In silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to analyse drug permeation across the blood-brain barrier: A critical review

Microglia Activation as a Biomarker for Traumatic Brain Injury

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