Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Effects on Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Oxidative Toxic Stress Induced by Malathion: A Potential Antioxidant Compound, Yes or No?

Abstract

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are one of the most widely used and important nanoparticles in addition to possessing strong antioxidative properties and inhibiting free radicals. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is one of the enzymes that protect the body against damage caused by oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CeNPs on the activity of PON1 as well as biomarkers of oxidative stress in the toxicity of malathion. 48 Albino Wistar male rats with weight range of 180-250 g were randomly divided into 8 groups, Group 1: healthy control, injection of normal saline, Group 2: administration by the malathion 100 mg/kg/day, Group 3: treated with CeNPs 15 mg/kg/day, Group 4: treated with CeNPs 30 mg/kg/day, Group 5: combination of malathion with dose of 100 mg/kg/day and CeNPs 15 mg/kg, Group 6: combination of malathion with dose of 100 mg/kg/day and CeNPs 30 mg/kg for 14 days and 24 h after termination of treatment period, serum and liver tissue samples were collected from all rats. Biochemical test of PON1 activity, oxidative stress biomarkers including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol groups (TTG), were carried out. Malathion reduced plasma TTG levels, TAC and increased LPO in malathion group. However, CeNPs increased TTG, TAC and reduced PON1 activity. Results showed that CeNPs alone had antioxidant properties while with malathion it shows different properties.

Organophosphate toxicity: updates of malathion potential toxic effects in mammals and potential treatments

“…A further contributor to MAL-induced neurotoxicity is the Paraoxonase enzyme (PON-1), an enzyme of marked interest in the view of its ability to modulate OP toxicity. PON-1 possesses arylesterase and lactonase activities and thus hydrolyzes the active metabolites of many OPs, including MAL (Primo-Parmo et al 1996;Hosseini et al 2019). The antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of PON-1 has also been proposed (Lou-Bonafonte et al 2015).…”

Ameliorative Role of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Against Fipronil Impact on Brain Function, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptotic Cascades in Albino Rats

“…For example, the antioxidant activity that is based on the ratio of Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ on the surface of the CeNPs structure works as catalase mimetic activity, hydroxyl scavenging property (Dowding et al, 2013), nitric oxide scavenging property, and superoxide dismutase mimetic activity (Xu and Qu, 2014). CeNPs might be involved in enhancing the performance of antioxidants and stimulating cell proliferation through the reduction of intracellular levels of ROS by modulating the expression level of the major antioxidant enzymes (Hosseini et al, 2019). CeNPs are an efficient neuroprotective agents against certain neurodegenerative disorders, as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)induced Parkinsonian rats (Hegazy et al, 2017).…”

Cerium oxide nanoparticles display antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects on gamma irradiation‐induced hepatotoxicity

“…The dose of CONPs and duration were determined according to previous work that had studied CONPs antioxidant effect. 20 One day after the CONPs' last dose, animals were anesthetized after overnight fasting by thiopental and then sacrificed. Blood samples were withdrawn by cardiac puncture.…”