Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: a ‘radical’ Approach to Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment

Abstract

Despite advances in understanding the factors that cause many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), no current therapies have yielded significant results. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) have recently emerged as therapeutics for the treatment of NDs due to their antioxidant properties. This report summarizes the recent findings regarding CeONPs in treatment of various NDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Interest in CeONPs as a potential nanomedicine for NDs has increased due to: their ability to alter signaling pathways, small diameter allowing passage through the blood-brain barrier and scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Due to these properties, CeONPs could eventually revolutionize existing treatments for NDs.

Variable in Vivo and in Vitro Biological Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Formulations

“…Though the toxicological effects of accidental and occupational CeNP exposure have been investigated, CeNPs have increasingly been applied to disease models, particularly those involving oxidative stress (Heckman et al, 2013;Bailey et al, 2016;DeCoteau et al, 2016;Kwon et al, 2016;Naz et al, 2017). The administration of CeNPs has recently been shown to be efficacious in models of traumatic brain injury (Bailey et al, 2016), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (DeCoteau et al, 2016), radiation-induced lung damage (Xu et al, 2016), chronic liver (Oró et al, 2016) or kidney injury (Manne et al, 2015a), peritonitis (Manne et al, 2015b), and obesity (Rocca et al, 2015).…”

Ethylene glycol coated nanoceria protects against oxidative stress in human lens epithelium

“…Cerium oxide is a rare earth metal oxide with multiple applications in diverse products such as solar cells, 14 oxygen sensors, 15 catalysis, 16 UV lters, 17 and polishing. 18 Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles or "nanoceria", have shown potential for the treatment and prevention of various disorders including cancers, 19 inammatory diseases, 20 neurodegenerative disorders, 21 retinopathy, 22 and cardiovascular dysfunctions. 23 The therapeutic effects of nanoceria are attributed to their antioxidant properties and their ability to eliminate ROS, 24 and are therefore promising candidates for treatment of cataracts and associated systemic conditions.…”

Hot Topics and Challenges of Regenerative Nanoceria in Application of Antioxidant Therapy

“…In the past few years, nanoceria already has been widely used in the aspects of free-radical scavenger [5,6], radiation protection [7], ischemic stroke [8], cancer biomarker [9], anti-inflammatory [10], antioxidant drug [11], cardiovascular Figure 1: Reactive species induced oxidation stress damage to the human health.…”