Cervical cancer screening in the era of HPV vaccination: A review of shifting paradigms in cytopathology

Abstract

Significant changes in cervical cancer screening practice, guidelines, and prevention of cervical cancer have taken place in recent years including the raising of initial cervical cancer screening age, changes in frequency of cytology screening, and the adoption of high risk HPV and cytology co-testing for some patients; the introduction of the bivalent, quadrivalent, and 9-valent HPV vaccines; and the recent approval of high risk HPV testing as primary screening with the use of cytology as triage in positive cases. This review discusses the significance of primary HPV screening, the impact of HPV vaccination in the prevalence of cervical cancer and its precursors, the interplay between high risk HPV testing and vaccination, and the implications for clinical and cytological management. Future strategies for cervical screening in the post-vaccination era are also discussed.

Detection of human papillomavirus 67 single infection in high‐grade cervical lesions: Case report and review of literature

“…Non‐vaccine types may be affected by cross‐protection due to phylogenetic similarity . Viral capsid L1‐protein VLPs in vaccines promote production of antibodies which might partially cross‐target similar epitopes on non‐vaccine types .…”

“…22 Non-vaccine types may be affected by cross-protection due to phylogenetic similarity. 6,7,12 Viral capsid L1-protein VLPs in vaccines promote production of antibodies which might partially cross-target similar epitopes on non-vaccine types. 8,23 Reductions in incidence have been reported for alpha 9-species HPV31, 2,23-25 HPV33 2,23 (related to HPV16), alpha 7-species HPV45 2,23 (related to HPV18) and alpha 5-species HPV51.…”

“…Furthermore, a nonavalent vaccine additionally incorporating HPV31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 (IARC group 1 carcinogens) virus‐like particles (VLPs) appeared favourable with an estimated reduction in cervical cancer of over 90% . However, other HPV types rarely associated with cervical cancer may gain in importance . Herein, we present an uncommon case of a HPV67‐associated high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL).…”

“…4,5 However, other HPV types rarely associated with cervical cancer may gain in importance. 3,6,7 Herein, we present an uncommon case of a HPV67-associated high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL).…”

Tendencias en la investigación del virus de papiloma humano en Latinoamérica frente a los países de altos ingresos

“…La prevención terciaria involucra la terapéutica adecuada de las lesiones preneoplásicas y neoplásicas diagnosticadas (91)(92)(93).…”