Chalcone synthase genes in plants: A tool to study evolutionary relationships

Niesbach-Klösgen, U.; Barzen, E.; Bernhardt, J.; Rohde, Wolfgang; Schwarz‐Sommer, Zsuzsanna; Reif, H. J.; Wienand, Udo; Saedler, Heinz

doi:10.1007/bf02099854

Cited by 101 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…To determine whether the chimeric CHS gene we had introduced might have been altered during the introduction of restriction sites by oligonucleotide mutagenesis, we sequenced the coding region of the construct (C. Napoli, J. Villanueva, and P. Muhlrad, unpublished results) and compared it with the published sequence of the cDNA clone from which it was derived (Niesbach-Klosgen et al, 1987). No differences were found.…”

Section: Results Lntroduction Of a Chs Transgene Lnhibits Anthocyaninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It catalyzes the condensation of one molecule of 4-coumaroyl-COA with three molecules of malonyl-COA to form naringenin chalcone, which is the central intermediate in the biosynthesis of flavonols, flavones, isoflavonoids, and anthocyanins. CHS cDNA and genomic clones have been isolated from a number of plant species (summarized in Niesbach- Klosgen et al, 1987;Koes et al, 1989b). In petunia, CHS comprises a multigene family (Koes et al, 1987) in which only one gene is expressed to high levels in petal tissue (Koes et al, 1989a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction of a Chimeric Chalcone Synthase Gene into Petunia Results in Reversible Co-Suppression of Homologous Genes in trans.

1990

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We attempted to overexpress chalcone synthase (CHS) in pigmented petunia petals by introducing a chimeric petunia CHS gene. Unexpectedly, the introduced gene created a block in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Forty-two percent of plants with the introduced CHS gene produced totally white flowers and/or patterned flowers with white or pale nonclonal sectors on a wild-type pigmented background; none of hundreds of transgenic control plants exhibited such phenotypes. Progeny testing of one plant demonstrated that the novel color phenotype co-segregated with the introduced CHS gene; progeny without this gene were phenotypically wild type. The somatic and germina1 stability of the novel color patterns was variable. RNase protection analysis of petal RNAs isolated from white flowers showed that, although the developmental timing of mRNA expression of the endogenous CHS gene was not altered, the leve1 of the mRNA produced by this gene was reduced 50-fold from wild-type levels. Somatic reversion of plants with white flowers to phenotypically parenta1 violet flowers was associated with a coordinate rise in the steady-state levels of the mRNAs produced by both the endogenous and the introduced CHS genes.Thus, in the altered white flowers, the expression of both genes was coordinately suppressed, indicating that expression of the introduced CHS gene was not alone sufficient for suppression of endogenous CHS transcript levels. The mechanism responsible for the reversible co-suppression of homologous genes in trans is unclear, but the erratic and reversible nature of this phenomenon suggests the possible involvement of methylation.

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Section: Results Lntroduction Of a Chs Transgene Lnhibits Anthocyaninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of a Chimeric Chalcone Synthase Gene into Petunia Results in Reversible Co-Suppression of Homologous Genes in trans.

1990

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“…Each slot blot experiment was repeated at least three times with different material. The following anthocyanin gene probes were used in this study and kindly provided by the indicated authors: C2, pC2-c46, a cDNA probe of the C2 locus ; A 7 , a 600-bp Pstl fragment of pALC-2 encompassing a transcribed portion of the gene (Schwartz-Sommer et al, 1987); 6z7, pD3MS9, a 620-bp probe of the transcribed region (Schiefelbein et al, 1985); 622, pP300, a 300-bp Pstl segment that hybridizes to 622 RNA (McLaughlin and Walbot, 1987); and pR236, a 900-bp cDNA clone of Lc. a member of the R gene family (Ludwig et al, 1989).…”

Section: Slot and Rna Gel Blot Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic regulation and photocontrol of anthocyanin accumulation in maize seedlings.

Taylor

Briggs

1990

Plant Cell

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The flavonoid pathway leading to anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize is controlled by multiple regulatory genes and induced by various developmental and environmental factors. We have investigated the effect of the regulatory loci R, B, and f / on anthocyanin accumulation and on the expression of four genes ( C2, A l , 621, and 822) in the biosynthetic pathway during an inductive light treatment. The results show that light-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis is regulated solely by R; the contributions of B and f / are negligible in young seedlings. lnduction of the A1 and Bz2 genes by high fluence-rate white light requires the expression of a dominant R allele, whereas accumulation of C2 and Bzl mRNA occurs with either a dominant or recessive allele at R. A1 and 822 mRNA accumulate only in response to high fluence-rate white light, but Bzl is fully expressed in dim red light. Some C2 mRNA is induced by dim red light, but accumulation is far greater in high fluence-rate white light. Furthe'more, expression from both dominant and recessive alleles of the regulatory gene R is enhanced by high fluence-rate white light. Seedlings with a recessive allele at R produce functional chalcone synthase protein (the C2 gene product) but accumulate no anthocyanins, suggesting that, in contrast to the R-mediated coordinate regulation of C2 and Bzl observed in the aleurone, C2 expression in seedlings is independent of R and appears to be regulated by a different light-sensitive pathway.

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“…CHS genes have been isolated from a wide taxonomic spectrum from nonflowering seed plants to dicots and monocots (4,5). Stilbene synthase (SS) genes coding for enzymes with a related activity to CHS have been isolated from species that accumulate stilbene phytoalexin (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Duplication and functional divergence in the chalcone synthase gene family of Asteraceae: evolution with substrate change and catalytic simplification.

Helariutta

Kotilainen

Elomaa

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Chalcone synthase genes in plants: A tool to study evolutionary relationships

Cited by 101 publications

References 55 publications

Introduction of a Chimeric Chalcone Synthase Gene into Petunia Results in Reversible Co-Suppression of Homologous Genes in trans.

Introduction of a Chimeric Chalcone Synthase Gene into Petunia Results in Reversible Co-Suppression of Homologous Genes in trans.

Genetic regulation and photocontrol of anthocyanin accumulation in maize seedlings.

Duplication and functional divergence in the chalcone synthase gene family of Asteraceae: evolution with substrate change and catalytic simplification.

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