2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.001
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Challenges associated with the behaviour of radioactive particles in the environment

Abstract: A series of different nuclear sources associated with the nuclear weapon and fuel cycles have contributed to the release of radioactive particles to the environment. Following nuclear weapon tests, safety tests, conventional destruction of weapons, reactor explosions and fires, a major fraction of released refractory radionuclides such as uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) were present as entities ranging from sub microns to fragments. Furthermore, radioactive particles and colloids have been released from reproce… Show more

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Cited by 78 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…If the first case (Kyshtym accident), the regional soil conditions cause this difference, while the contrast of our data to the results by Scheglov [13] is a consequence of the lack of 90 Sr 'saturation' in depot biomass compartments of the woody plants. Additionally, the content of 90 Sr is given in a biologically inaccessible form in the matrix of fuel particles during the first period after Chernobyl accident [24,25]. The comparison of various TFs is presented in Figure 4.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If the first case (Kyshtym accident), the regional soil conditions cause this difference, while the contrast of our data to the results by Scheglov [13] is a consequence of the lack of 90 Sr 'saturation' in depot biomass compartments of the woody plants. Additionally, the content of 90 Sr is given in a biologically inaccessible form in the matrix of fuel particles during the first period after Chernobyl accident [24,25]. The comparison of various TFs is presented in Figure 4.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Plutonium (Pu)-bearing particles (0.45–2000 µm 1 ) dispersed in the environment as a result of the nuclear fuel cycle, weapons testing and nuclear accidents are generally considered to be refractory and unreactive in their native state, but may be susceptible to chemical weathering and/or physical breakdown 2 . Plutonium can then become mobile and bio-available in water-soluble or particulate forms 3 , resulting in a long-term radiological risk to ecosystems and human health 1 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The injected radioactive species (atoms, ions, molecular fragments…etc) are heterogeneously distributed within the local environment. Fate and transport of the radioactive fallout within the surrounding environment depends on particle size, distribution, structure, oxidation state and release scenario (Salbu et al 2018). Radionuclide species are defined in water by their diameters.…”
Section: Factors Affecting Fate and Transportmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The elemental composition of the radioactive debris depends on the conditions surrounding the formation of the particle. This includes pressure and temperature conditions, construction materials, surrounding infrastructure, local geology, and altitude of the detonation (Salbu et al 2018). Particles can carry substantial amounts of refractory material and settle heterogeneous throughout the bottom of the lagoon.…”
Section: Factors Affecting Fate and Transportmentioning
confidence: 99%