Challenges facing pharmacology – the in vivo situation

Premarketing Efficacy Evaluation

“…Thus the 'functional pharmacology' of old has been replaced by a more mechanistic and systems-based approach which is attempting to fill the translational gap (Walker and Soh, 2006). This has resulted in a renewed emphasis on the potential value of in vivo laboratory animal investigations that can bridge the gap between in vitro investigations and the first-in-human (FIH) studies.…”