Challenges for continuous graphene as a corrosion barrier

Abstract

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A critical review on the production and application of graphene and graphene-based materials in anti-corrosion coatings

“…Protecting such structures is, therefore, of utmost importance. [14] Coating technology is among the plethora of approaches developed to provide protection to metallic surfaces and improve their quality. In addition to passive barrier properties and esthetic appearance, coating formulations can serve other functional purposes, such as an active self-healing action triggered by specific stimuli.…”

“…Even though the early studies on the utilization of graphene in the field of corrosion prevention emerged later than those in other engineering fields, the number of citations is increasing at an accelerating pace, reflecting the quickly growing interest of corrosion scientists and engineers in this multipurpose material. [12,14,202,204] Research on graphene-based anticorrosion technologies can be split into two generalized groups, pure graphene anti-corrosive coatings and composite graphene anti-corrosive coatings. The achievements regarding both types were reviewed by Tong et al, [204] for example.…”

“…Moreover, polymer/graphene hybrids address other problematic issues, such as galvanic corrosion. [14,204] By utilizing graphene or its derivatives as nanometric fillers in the polymeric matrix, it is possible to lengthen the diffusion pathway of the corrosion medium in the coatings by taking advantage of its chemical inertness and barrier properties. [13] Graphene has heretofore been combined with a wide variety of polymeric materials, such as epoxy (EP), polyurethane (PU), [254][255][256][257][258][259] polyaniline (PANI), [227,233,[260][261][262] alkyd, [263] polystyrene (PS), [264] PMMA, [265,266] polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and [267,268] polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).…”

“…Several recent reviews have described the breadth of research works in this area, thereby supporting the fact that graphene and graphene-based materials can and will play a central role in the protection of metallic substrates. [12][13][14] However, it must be said that the remarkable figures ascribed to graphene are commonly (and incorrectly) presented in the works related to any graphene-based material, when in reality they are only applicable to the pristine single-layer graphene (SLG). As a result, the main aim of the present review is to render a critical look on the implementation of graphene and graphene-based materials in the field of protective coatings, combining a description of the different production methods of such materials with an overview of the recent trends in their implementation in corrosion protection, something which, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been done.…”

Continuous Graphene-like Layers Formed on Copper Substrates by Graphene Oxide Self-Assembly and Reduction

“…Numerous attempts to produce protective layers on metals have been reported in the last decade. − However, inconsistent results have been found. − Ideally, graphene can be considered as a perfectly flat and infinite two-dimensional sheet formed by trigonally bonded sp 2 carbon atoms, without basal plane fluctuations and edge states, but even for experiments under the most controlled conditions, some microscopic ripples are found . In contrast to such ideal graphene, real samples unavoidably contain edges, suffer from basal plane fluctuations, and contain defects due to vacancies and heteroatoms or adsorbed impurities, which lead to an inevitable alteration of their electronic structure and increased chemical reactivity …”