Challenges in antenatal care utilization in Kandahar, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional analytical study

Abstract

Background Quality antenatal care (ANC) is one of the four pillars of safe motherhood initiatives and improves the survival and health of mother and neonate. The main objective of this study was to assess the barriers in the utilization of ANC services in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted over one year from December 2018–November 2019. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi squared, and binary logistic regression. Results A total of 1524 women were recruited in this study with mean age of 30.3 years. Of these women, 848 (55.6%) were rural dwellers, 1450/1510 (96.0%) were illiterate, 438/608 (72.0%) belonged to low-income families, 1112/1508 (73.7%) lived in joint families, 1420/1484 (95.7%) lived in a house of >10 inhabitants, while 388/1494 (26.0%) had attended had at least one ANC visit during their last pregnancy. On univariate analysis, the main barriers in the utilization of ANC services were living in rural areas, being illiterate, having lower socio-economic status, remoteness of the health facility from home, bad behavior of clinic personnel, and unplanned pregnancy. Only lower socio-economic status and bad behavior of clinic personnel were independent explanatory variables in the regression model. Conclusions Utilization of ANC services is inadequate in Kandahar province. Improving clinic staff professional behavior and status of women by expanding educational opportunities, and enhancing community awareness of the value of ANC are recommended.

Meta-Analysis the Effects of Education, Pregnancy Planning, Husband Support, and Distance to Health Facilities on the Utilization of Antenatal Care Service

“…According to research in Afghanistan, only 24.5% of mothers carry out pregnancy planning and utilize antenatal services (Rahimi et al, 2022). A study conducted in the City of Debre Berhan reported different findings, which stated that mothers carrying out pregnancy planning were 2.08 times more likely to utilize antenatal services with a total of 77.1% of mothers (Tizazu et al, 2020).…”

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that mothers make at least eight visits during pregnancy. These visits began with the first visit at 12 weeks of gestation, then at 20, 26, 30, 35, 38, and 40 weeks (Rahimi et al, 2022). Antenatal examination (ANC) is an activity carried out to prevent causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and children.…”