“…A selection of some of these academic areas alongside their subject focus can be found below in Table 1, with Table 2 outlining similar approaches but with focus on Industrial literature. Singh et al, 2010;Verkinos, 2015;Da Silva et al, 2019 Return on Investment Eadie et al, 2014;Doloi, 2013;Azhar et al, 2012;Akponeware et al, 2017 BIM v Non-BIM Project Review Barlish and Sullivan (2012) Benefits of BIM Young et al, 2009;Chahrour et al, 2021;Bargstadt, 2015 Lessons Learned and Case Studies Ustinovičius et al, 2018;Wiley et al, 2015;Highways England, 2020 Cultural andBehavioural Changes Latham, 2003;Bargstadt, 2015 Training and Development Needs Hore et al, 2011 Adoption and Implementation of BIM Zuppa et al, 2009;Doloi, 2013;Verkinos, 2015 To date there have been extensive academic and literature research techniques applied, highlighting some of the benefits of BIM such as but not limited to application within 4D construction scheduling (Da Silva et al, 2019), off site construction techniques (Verkinos, 2015) and Clash detection and avoidance (Akponeware et al, 2017;Chahrour et al, 2021).…”