Challenges on Diagnoses and Assessments Related to Autism Spectrum Disorder in Brazil: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Being a continental country, with over 210 million citizens, Brazil is similar to all of those who are part of the LAMIC (Low and middle income countries). It shows a big concentration of wealth, mainly in its south and southeast regions, as well as areas with immense poverty. In that sense, the health system also faces a huge amount of contrast. Inside University hospitals and facilities there are sophisticated tools and trained doctors prepared to assist in any kind of medical subject, including autism. But, unfortunately, at other times, the access to a good health system is made much harder. This results in many issues in the medical community, e.g., looking at the data regarding autism, there is a high average of the age of diagnosis. Another issue is the low number of professionals trained in ASD diagnosis and the few tools translated to Portuguese.

Exploring the varied manifestations of structural violence in the lives of children on the autism spectrum and their families: a qualitative longitudinal study in Kurdistan, Iran

“…Expensive and extensive tests contribute to financial burdens and can limit access to timely intervention, potentially affecting the child’s developmental outcomes. These findings have been reported in other studies [ 73 , 74 ]. A study conducted on 17 black individuals with HIV, who were mainly recognized as recent immigrants to Canada, revealed that their inability to access healthcare services could be considered a form of SV.…”

Exploring the Varied Manifestations of Structural Violence in the Lives of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Their Parents: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study in Kurdistan, Iran

“…These ndings have been reported in other studies. (59,60) A study conducted on 17 black individuals with HIV, who were mainly recognized as recent immigrants to Canada, revealed that their inability to access healthcare services could be considered a form of SV. The inadequate knowledge of these individuals about the organization of the Canadian healthcare system poses a challenge to their ability to utilize HIV-related healthcare services.…”

An Analysis of the Evaluation Methods being Applied to Serious Games for Autistic Children

“…According to studies by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, conducted on 8-year-old children in 2018, the prevalence of ASD is 1 in every 44 children [Maenner et al, 2021]. In Brazil, there are no official studies that estimate the prevalence of this disorder in the country [Sukiennik et al, 2021].…”