Challenges to Coping Strategies with Agrometeorological Risks and Uncertainties in Africa

The contribution of seasonal climate forecasts to the management of agricultural disaster-risk in South Africa

“…This author wants to note that if a livestock farmer, for example, is able to provide additional fodder after veld-fires by using his/her own resources, the situation is not seen as a disaster because the farmer can cope with his/her own resource. Climate variability therefore poses a risk to agricultural production (Salinger et al, 2000;Mukhala and Chavula, 2007;Kgakatsi and Rautenbach, 2014).…”

Review on the Impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Climate Changes in Ethiopia

“…Change in temperature, rain and moisture ease of use possibly will unswervingly indispensable ecosystem environment and expansion, and as a consequence, alter wooded area tree reinforcement, growth and productivity [9]. Climate change may also in a roundabout way go in front to a revision of the frequency and intensity of forest conflict forest wildfires, outbreak of insects and pathogens, and tremendous events such assign winds and storms and encourage important losses to lumber and non-timber forest products.…”

“…Annual variation of the commencement, concentration, duration and execution of the rainfall has negative impacts on socio-economic, not fully formed crop and ecological development [9]. For the most part in areas where precipitation changeability is regularly befall during sowing and crop mounting episode, seasonal precipitation calculation is extensive for rain-fed agricultural performance and natural risk monitor.…”

“…Twelve-monthly difference of the beginning, attentiveness, episode and termination of the precipitation has unenthusiastic impact on socio-economic, agricultural crop and ecological development [9]. More often than not in areas someplace precipitation variability is frequently befall for the length of sowing and crop growing phase, recurrent rainfall calculation is substantial for rain-fed agricultural activities and natural risk monitoring.…”

“…Agriculture is the majority important source of source of revenue for 1.3 billion smallholder farmers universal no universally-accepted definition of 'smallholder farmer's [9,10] nearly everyone plant small areas of land (usually less than 10 ha, over and over again less than 2 ha), use family labor, and depend on their farm as their most important source of both food fortification procedures and revenue production [12]. It is unsurprising that smallholder farmers represent 85% of the world's farms and provide more than 80% of the provisions inspired in the increasing world [11].…”