2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.010
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Challenges to estimate surface- and groundwater flow in arid regions: The Dead Sea catchment

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Cited by 38 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…The main water inflow to the Dead Sea is the Jordan River, but through anthropogenic interferences the discharge of the Jordan River into the Dead Sea decreased by 90 % down to 60-400×10 6 m 3 a −1 (Asmar and Ergenzinger, 2002;Holtzman et al, 2005) compared to its natural discharge before 1955. Further natural inflow by groundwater discharge and surface runoff is in the range of 235-243 × 10 6 m 3 a −1 (Siebert et al, 2014). As the Dead Sea is a terminal lake, no natural outflow exists, but water is withdrawn from the lake for mineral and potash production.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The main water inflow to the Dead Sea is the Jordan River, but through anthropogenic interferences the discharge of the Jordan River into the Dead Sea decreased by 90 % down to 60-400×10 6 m 3 a −1 (Asmar and Ergenzinger, 2002;Holtzman et al, 2005) compared to its natural discharge before 1955. Further natural inflow by groundwater discharge and surface runoff is in the range of 235-243 × 10 6 m 3 a −1 (Siebert et al, 2014). As the Dead Sea is a terminal lake, no natural outflow exists, but water is withdrawn from the lake for mineral and potash production.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scenario analysis according to prognostic changes of 20−30 % less annual mean precipitation in the Levant (Christensen et al 2007-based on MMD-A1B simulations) will have different impacts on eastern and western sides of the Dead Sea. While mean annual recharge contributing to available groundwater resources will reduce from currently *44 mm/a to 22−13 mm/a on the western side, the amounts will reduce from *32 mm/a to 15−12 mm/a on the eastern side (Siebert et al 2014a). Since already today the regional available groundwater resources by far not cover the demand, the prognosticated decrease in precipitation and resulting recharge and groundwater availability will have tremendous socio-economic and ecological impacts on the region that even more require a sustainable groundwater management.…”
Section: Groundwater Modellingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The calibration was pursued at catchments with available hydrographs and subsequently regionalised to the entire western drainage basin (1,443 km 2 ), resulting in a mean annual surface runoff volume of 15.4 × 10 6 m 3 a −1 for the period of 1977−2010. The considerable differences between both models, applied in the western drainage basin document the importance of long-term precipitation datasets (Siebert et al 2014a).…”
Section: Surface Runoffmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Dead Sea is the lowest lake on Earth, whose level reached −432.93 m mean sea level on 1 November 2018. This terminal lake covers an area of about 625 km 2 (Figure ), reaches a maximum depth of 300 m, and its water balance is very much affected by the hydrological regime of its basin (Siebert et al, ). Due to a long‐term negative water budget, salinity of that terminal lake reaches 347 g/l (Ionescu et al, ) making the lake brine supersaturated with respect to halite, which precipitates on the lake floor (Anati, ).…”
Section: Research Areamentioning
confidence: 99%