Challenges with managing insecticide resistance in agricultural pests, exemplisfied by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci

Abstract

For many key agricultural pests, successful management of insecticide resistance depends not only on modifying the way that insecticides are deployed, but also on reducing the total number of treatments applied. Both approaches bene¢t from a knowledge of the biological characteristics of pests that promote or may retard the development of resistance. For the white£y Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), these factors include a haplodiploid breeding system that encourages the rapid selection and ¢xation of resistance genes, its breeding cycle on a succession of treated or untreated hosts, and its occurrence on and dispersal from high-value crops in greenhouses and glasshouses. These factors, in conjunction with often intensive insecticide use, have led to severe and widespread resistance that now a¡ects several novel as well as conventional control agents. Resistance-management strategies implemented on cotton in Israel, and subsequently in southwestern USA, have nonetheless so far succeeded in arresting the resistance treadmill in B. tabaci through a combination of increased chemical diversity, voluntary or mandatory restrictions on the use of key insecticides, and careful integration of chemical control with other pest-management options. In both countries, the most signi¢cant achievement has been a dramatic reduction in the number of insecticide treatments applied against white£ies on cotton, increasing the prospect of sustained use of existing and future insecticides.

Antibiose e não preferência para oviposição de Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em genótipos de feijoeiro comum

“…A redução nas aplicações de inseticidas e a associação com outros métodos de controle da praga são medidas importantes para evitar esses problemas (Denholm et al, 1998).…”

Effect of a novel repellent, acetylated glyceride, against sweet potato whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

“…1,2) Its host range is very broad and covers approximately 600 plant species, including several economically important vegetable crops.…”

Bio-efficacy of Certain Selective Insecticides against Whitefly, (Bemisia tabaci) on Mungbean, (Vigna radiata L., Wilczek)

“…Hence there is need to use newer insecticides, which are selective and are also effective at low dose. The neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid and the growth-regulating insecticides (IGRs), buprofezin and pyriproxyfen serve critical role in controlling whiteflies (B. tabaci) in arid regions of the world (Denholm et al, 1998). In Jammu & Kashmir, no such work has been done on these aspects.…”