Chang’E-4 initial spectroscopic identification of lunar far-side mantle-derived materials

Li, Chunlai; Liu, Dawei; Liu, Bin; Ren, Xin; Liu, Jianjun; He, Zhiping; Zuo, Wei; Zeng, Xingguo; Xu, Rui; Xu, Tianheng; Zhang, Xiaoxia; Chen, Wangli; Shu, Rong; Wen, Wu; Su, Yan; Zhang, Hongbo; Ouyang, Ziyuan

doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1189-0

Cited by 165 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The higher FeO contents of the regolith at the landing site of Chang'E-4 suggest a deeper origin (e.g., Warren, 1990), probably from the lower crust or even the upper mantle. This is consistent with the recent studies (Gou et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2019;Li, Liu, et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019) that the surface materials at the CE-4 landing site could originate from the lunar deep. The mineral fractions in these recent studies (Gou et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2019;Li, Liu, et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019) are inconsistent, exhibiting the systematic biases of the different approaches.…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Planetssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This is consistent with the recent studies (Gou et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2019;Li, Liu, et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019) that the surface materials at the CE-4 landing site could originate from the lunar deep. The mineral fractions in these recent studies (Gou et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2019;Li, Liu, et al, 2019;Lin et al, 2019) are inconsistent, exhibiting the systematic biases of the different approaches. However, the retrieved mineralogy at multiple measurement sites are similar in each published work when considering their own model errors, consistent with our hypothesis for the local compositional homogeneity of the CE-4 exploration area.…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Planetssupporting

confidence: 93%

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In Situ Photometric Experiment of Lunar Regolith With Visible and Near‐Infrared Imaging Spectrometer On Board the Yutu‐2 Lunar Rover

Lin

Yang

et al. 2020

JGR Planets

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China's Chang'E‐4 (CE‐4) mission successfully landed in Von Kármán crater within South Pole‐Aitken basin of the Moon. The Visible and Near‐Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS) on board Yutu‐2 rover investigated the photometric properties of lunar regolith. Seven VNIS measurements were conducted on a small lunar surface with a diameter <5 m by the rover rotating at the center, with the phase angles from 39.6 to 97.1° obtained in the similar observational geometry of solar altitude and observation angle. The phase function, which varies in different wavelength, is derived using a third‐order polynomial fitting, in combination with the calibration and comparison of orbital/in situ VNIS data at the Chang'E‐4 landing site and the same regions. After the photometrical correction of the spectra with the phase function, the derived FeO contents and optical maturity parameters of the regolith reduce much of their deviations, which is consistent with the homogeneity of the regolith and hence demonstrates the significance of the photometric correction on the VNIS spectra.

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Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Planetssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Planetssupporting

confidence: 93%

In Situ Photometric Experiment of Lunar Regolith With Visible and Near‐Infrared Imaging Spectrometer On Board the Yutu‐2 Lunar Rover

Lin

Yang

et al. 2020

JGR Planets

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“…The high PLG abundance at the landing site may indicate the associated OLV is inherent of anorthosites, rather than the Mg‐suite troctolites erupted from the interior of the Moon (Lucey, ). So far, the materials at the landing site are unlikely OLV‐ and PYX‐rich materials from the lunar mantle as found by Li, Liu, et al (). This discrepancy was probably caused by the fact that the modified Gaussian method used by Li, Liu, et al () to estimate the mineral abundance is insensitive to the presence of PLG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…So far, the materials at the landing site are unlikely OLV-and PYX-rich materials from the lunar mantle as found by Li, Liu, et al (2019). This discrepancy was probably caused by the fact that the modified Gaussian method used by Li, Liu, et al (2019) to estimate the mineral abundance is insensitive to the presence of PLG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mineral Abundances Inferred From In Situ Reflectance Measurements of Chang'E‐4 Landing Site in South Pole‐Aitken Basin

Yang

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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During its first two lunar day measurements, the visible and near‐infrared spectrometer on board the Yutu‐2 Rover of the Chang'E‐4 mission acquired six in situ reflectance spectra from the floor of Von Kármán crater within the South Pole‐Aitken basin. A spectral lookup table search has shown that the regolith at the landing site contains 56–72% plagioclase, 9–28% orthopyroxene, 4–19% clinopyroxene, and 2–12% olivine, in relative abundance, in agreement with the results from Kaguya Multiband Imager mineral mapping. A mineral composition analysis using measurements made by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper and the Multiband Imager has shown that the surface materials of the landing site may have been ejected from the nearby Finsen crater. This result is also supported by principal component analysis which shows a strong correlation between the compositions of the landing area and Finsen crater.

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“…Locations of the Apollo (A) and Luna (L) landing sites are from Wagner et al (2017). The locations of the Imbrium basin and South Pole-Aitken basin are also indicated bearing lithologies within the Von Kármán crater (situated within the SPA basin; Li et al 2019). Such a mineral assemblage, together with the geological context of this crater (i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Constraining the Evolutionary History of the Moon and the Inner Solar System: A Case for New Returned Lunar Samples

et al. 2019

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The Moon is the only planetary body other than the Earth for which samples have been collected in situ by humans and robotic missions and returned to Earth. Scientific investigations of the first lunar samples returned by the Apollo 11 astronauts 50 years ago transformed the way we think most planetary bodies form and evolve. Identification of anorthositic clasts in Apollo 11 samples led to the formulation of the magma ocean concept, and by extension the idea that the Moon experienced large-scale melting and differentiation. This concept of magma oceans would soon be applied to other terrestrial planets and large asteroidal bodies. Dating of basaltic fragments returned from the Moon also showed that a relatively small planetary body could sustain volcanic activity for more than a billion years after its formation. Finally, studies of the lunar regolith showed that in addition to containing a treasure trove of the Moon's history, it also provided us with a rich archive of the past 4.5 billion years of evolution of the inner Solar System. Further investigations of samples returned from the Moon over the past five decades led to many additional discoveries, but also raised new and fundamental questions that are difficult to address with currently available samples, such as those related to the age of the Moon, duration of lunar volcanism, the

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Chang’E-4 initial spectroscopic identification of lunar far-side mantle-derived materials

Cited by 165 publications

References 36 publications

In Situ Photometric Experiment of Lunar Regolith With Visible and Near‐Infrared Imaging Spectrometer On Board the Yutu‐2 Lunar Rover

In Situ Photometric Experiment of Lunar Regolith With Visible and Near‐Infrared Imaging Spectrometer On Board the Yutu‐2 Lunar Rover

Mineral Abundances Inferred From In Situ Reflectance Measurements of Chang'E‐4 Landing Site in South Pole‐Aitken Basin

Constraining the Evolutionary History of the Moon and the Inner Solar System: A Case for New Returned Lunar Samples

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