Change in cholesterol level during pregnancy and risk of postpartum depressive symptoms: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

Mutsuda, Norikazu; Hamazaki, Kei; Matsumura, Kenta; Tsuchida, Akiko; Kasamatsu, Haruka; Inadera, Hidekuni; Kamijima, Michihiro; Yamazaki, Shin; Ohya, Yukihiro; Kishi, Reiko; Yaegashi, Nobuo; Hashimoto, Koichi; Mori, Chisato; Ito, Shuichi; Yamagata, Zentaro; Nakayama, Takeo; Iso, Hiroyasu; Shima, Masayuki; Nakamura, Hiroshige; Suganuma, Narufumi; Kusuhara, Koichi; Katoh, Takahiko

doi:10.1111/acps.13393

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…There are multiple risk factors for depression such as stress [ 8 ], behavioral patterns [ 9 ], and socio-demographic factors [ 10 , 11 ]. Additionally, some studies have found that cholesterol may be associated with depression [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of remnant cholesterol with depression among US adults

Wang

Shen

2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Remnant cholesterol is receiving increasing attention because of its association with various diseases. However, there have been no studies on remnant cholesterol levels and depression. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2016. Depression was assessed using a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Fasting remnant cholesterol was calculated as the total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Logistic regression analysis with sampling weights was used to examine the association between remnant cholesterol concentration and depression. Results Among 8,263 adults enrolled in this study (weighted mean age, 45.65 years), 5.88% (weighted percentage) had depression. Compared to the participants without depression, those with depression had higher concentration of remnant cholesterol (weighted mean, 26.13 vs. 23.05, P < 0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between remnant cholesterol concentration and depression and multivariable-adjusted OR with 95% CI was 1.49 (1.02–2.17). Among the subgroup analyses, remnant cholesterol concentration was positively associated with depression among participants less than 60 years (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.09–2.42), male (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.01–4.05), BMI under 30 (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.14–2.96), and those with diabetes (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.43–10.49). Conclusions Remnant cholesterol concentration positively correlated with depression, suggesting that a focus on remnant cholesterol may be useful in the study of depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of remnant cholesterol with depression among US adults

Wang

Shen

2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Decision tree learning for predicting chronic postpartum depression in the Japan Environment and Children's Study

Matsumura,

Hamazaki,

Kasamatsu

et al. 2025

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Change in cholesterol level during pregnancy and risk of postpartum depressive symptoms: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

Mutsuda

Hamazaki

Matsumura

et al. 2022

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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Objective Women with postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS) are at higher risk of postpartum depression (PPD) and require further assessment. Emerging evidence indicates a relationship between the total cholesterol (TC) level of blood and PPD but the results are inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the possible association of change in serum TC levels during pregnancy with the risk of PDS in a Japanese population. Methods We analyzed complete data on questionnaire responses and serum lipid profiles of pregnant women from 12 datasets obtained from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (n = 61,585 to n = 72,406; 103,063 pregnancies in total). TC was measured at 3 time points—during early pregnancy, during mid‐late pregnancy, and after delivery—and we calculated changes in TC in 3 ways: by subtracting early pregnancy from mid‐late pregnancy, subtracting mid‐late pregnancy from delivery, and subtracting early pregnancy from delivery. These 6 factors were used as predictors to estimate the risk of PDS at 1 and 6 months after delivery. Results In multivariable logistic regression analysis, point serum cholesterol level did not predict PDS at any time point except for during mid‐late pregnancy in the second quintile, indicating an increased risk at 6 months. As for change in TC levels, subtracting mid‐late pregnancy from delivery and early pregnancy from delivery showed significant risk reduction for PDS at 1 month. A significant risk reduction was also found for subtracting early pregnancy from mid‐late pregnancy and early pregnancy from delivery at 6 months. Conclusions Increased cholesterol level during pregnancy is associated with reduced risk of PDS.

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Change in cholesterol level during pregnancy and risk of postpartum depressive symptoms: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Association of remnant cholesterol with depression among US adults

Association of remnant cholesterol with depression among US adults

Decision tree learning for predicting chronic postpartum depression in the Japan Environment and Children's Study

Change in cholesterol level during pregnancy and risk of postpartum depressive symptoms: the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

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