Changes in acetylcholinesterase activities in the developing and aging pig brain and hypophyses

Adejumo, D. O.; Egbunike, G. N.

doi:10.4314/ijard.v5i1.2562

Cited by 4 publications

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“…However, AChE concentration was highest in the mid brain, medulla oblongata, hippocampus of pig brain (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2002). The lack of micro doses of dietary aflatoxin effect on the AChE activity in the cerebellum may be due to its involvement in locomotion and muscular activities which are maintained in the animal up till old age (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2004). In addition, the cerebellum itself is characterised by typically low AChE activities (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase, glucose and total protein concenration in the brain regions of West African dwarf goats fed dietary aflatoxin

Ewuola¹,

Bolarinwa²

2017

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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A study was carried out on the effect of varied levels of dietary aflatoxin on acetylcholinesterase, glucose and total protein concentration in the brain regions of West African Dwarf goats. 20 West African Dwarf goats of about 5-6 months old were used for the trial and they were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 µg aflatoxin/kg diet. The animals were housed individually for the feeding trial in a completely randomised designed and the experiment lasted 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the animals were sacrificed and brain dissected into different regions. The different regions of the brain studied were medulla oblongata, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, mid-brain, cerebellum, pons varoli and hypothalamus. Samples were collected from these regions and homogenised to determine acetylcholinesterase, glucose and total protein concentrations. Result showed that the acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain regions was not significantly influenced by the dietary aflatoxin among the treatments. Glucose concentration was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the hypothalamus of animals fed 50 µg aflatoxin/kg and control diet than those fed 100 and 150 µg aflatoxin/kg. Total protein concentration in the medullar oblongata and the hypothalamic regions of the brain in animals fed 150 ppb was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those on the control diet. The pH of the medulla oblongata, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex were significantly (p<0.05) higher in goats fed 150 mg/kg than those fed the control diet. However, pH was not significant in the mid brain, cerebellum, pons varoli and hypothalamus among the treatments. This study suggests that dietary aflatoxin up to 100 ppb reduced glucose concentration in the hypothalamus and total protein in the medulla oblongata region of the brain with tendency to impair brain function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acetylcholinesterase, glucose and total protein concenration in the brain regions of West African dwarf goats fed dietary aflatoxin

Ewuola¹,

Bolarinwa²

2017

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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“…The lack of the dietary FB 1 effects in the cerebellum may be attributable to its involvement in locomotion and muscular activities, which are maintained in the animal up to old age (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2004). In addition to this, the cerebellum is characterized by typically low AChE activities (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swamy et al (2002) reported that the reduced dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (neurotransmitters) concentrations in the pons of pigs fed Fusarium mycotoxins contaminated diets suggest that the Fusarium mycotoxins decreased the release of dopamine from brain stores. The lack of the dietary FB 1 effects in the cerebellum may be attributable to its involvement in locomotion and muscular activities, which are maintained in the animal up to old age (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2004). In addition to this, the cerebellum is characterized by typically low AChE activities (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The brain plays a modulating role on all body functions and is able to keep the metabolism of the other glands and body systems in check. Age, nutrition, enzymes and hormones have direct effects on brain functions and the bulk of nervous action is expressed via release of transmitters at synaptic junctions (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2004). Acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter at all synapses of the autonomic nervous system and is involved in almost all body actions and organ functions (Ganong, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Brain and hypophyseal acetylcholinesterase activity of pubertal boars fed dietary fumonisin B1

Gbore¹

2010

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition

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The effects of dietary fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) on regional brain and hypophyseal activities of AChE (EC 3117), the enzyme which catalyses the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, were studied using 24 male Large White weanling pigs divided into four groups. Each group received one of the four diets containing 0.2, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg FB(1)/kg in a 6-month feeding trial. All animals were slaughtered at the end of the feeding trial; the brains and the hypophyses obtained were carefully dissected out. Significant (p < 0.05) influence of dietary FB(1) on regional brain and hypophyseal AChE activities were observed. The AChE activities in the pons, amygdala, hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata declined significantly (p < 0.05) with increased dietary FB(1) concentrations. The findings of this study suggest that diets containing 5.0 mg FB(1)/kg and above significantly (p < 0.05) altered regional brain and hypophyseal AChE activities in the animals. Dietary exposure to FB(1) at a concentration of approximately 5.0 mg/kg or more for a 6-month period is a potential health risk that may induce adverse physiological response resulting from altered brain neurochemistry in growing pigs.

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“…Since the market share of broiler chicken meat has increased in recent years and several reports has reviewed the potency of MSG in improving the feed intake and weight gain of birds, utilizing it in the poultry industry will be great gain. The avian brain controls all body functions and as a result is easily affected by the age, feed, enzymes and hormones secreted in the body of an animal (Adejumo and Egbunike, 2004). Thus, the dearth of knowledge on the implication of dietary MSG on the brain parts of broiler chicken triggered the investigation of effect of varied levels of dietary MSG on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, total protein and specific acetylcholinesterase (SAChE) of the brain of broiler chickens in this present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Acetylcholinesterase, Specific Acetylcholinesterase and Total Protein Concentrations in the Brain Regions of Broiler Chickens Fed Dietary Monosodium Glutamate

Olarotimi

Oladeji

Adu

et al. 2019

Turkish JAF Sci.Tech.

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The study was carried out to examine the effect of varied levels of dietary monosodium glutamate on acetylcholinesterase, specific acetylcholinesterase and total protein concentrations in the brain regions of broiler chickens. Three hundred (300) day – old unsexed Abor – acre chickens were randomly assigned to diets: A, B, C, D, E and F containing 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 g/kg MSG respectively. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with 10 birds per replicate. The birds were fed ad – libitum and provided with clean water for 8 weeks (56 days) after which 2 birds per replicates were slaughtered. The brains were removed, dissected into different regions comprising of the olfactory lobe, pineal body, optic lobe, cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The different parts of the brain were homogenized to determine the acetylcholinesterase and total protein which were also used in the assessment of the specific acetylcholinesterase of the brain. No significant differences were observed in the acetylcholinesterase activity of the olfactory lobe, pineal body, optic lobe, cerebellum except for the medulla. Likewise, the dietary monosodium glutamate did not influence the activities of the total protein and specific acetylcholinesterase of the olfactory lobe portion of the brain. The dietary monosodium glutamate exerted significant effects on the total protein of other brain parts studied and which invariably resulted in significant changes in the specific acetylcholinesterase of the optic lobe, cerebellum and medulla except for the optic lobe. This study revealed that monosodium glutamate added to broilers diet above 0.75 g/kg significantly altered the concentration of the brain acetylcholinesterase, total protein and specific acetylcholinesterase thereby impaired brain functions.

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Changes in acetylcholinesterase activities in the developing and aging pig brain and hypophyses

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Acetylcholinesterase, glucose and total protein concenration in the brain regions of West African dwarf goats fed dietary aflatoxin

Acetylcholinesterase, glucose and total protein concenration in the brain regions of West African dwarf goats fed dietary aflatoxin

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Brain and hypophyseal acetylcholinesterase activity of pubertal boars fed dietary fumonisin B1

Acetylcholinesterase, Specific Acetylcholinesterase and Total Protein Concentrations in the Brain Regions of Broiler Chickens Fed Dietary Monosodium Glutamate

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