Changes in amino acid and organic acid composition in tomato and cucumber plants in relation to salinity and nitrogen nutrition

Martı́nez, Vicente; Nunez, J. M.; Ortíz, Antonio Gómez; Cerdà, Artemi

doi:10.1080/01904169409364811

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Between the two injection amounts, we were able to observe a linear relationship covering the normal concentration range observed in plant tissues (data not shown). These metabolites were then quantified in the various tomato samples (Table II); the resultant absolute levels were found to be in the same range as previously reported by other groups using enzymatically linked photometric assays or HPLC analysis (Martinez et al, 1994;Boggio et al, 2000;Chen et al, 2001). The major exception to this statement was that the magnitude of some of the changes we measured here was somewhat different to that reported by Boggio et al (2000).…”

Section: Absolute Quantification Of Metabolites and Validation Of Thesupporting

confidence: 51%

Metabolic Profiling of Transgenic Tomato Plants Overexpressing Hexokinase Reveals That the Influence of Hexose Phosphorylation Diminishes during Fruit Development

et al. 2003

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We have conducted a comprehensive metabolic profiling on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaf and developing fruit tissue using a recently established gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling protocol alongside conventional spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic methodologies. Applying a combination of these techniques, we were able to identify in excess of 70 small-M r metabolites and to catalogue the metabolite composition of developing tomato fruit. In addition to comparing differences in metabolite content between source and sink tissues of the tomato plant and after the change in metabolite pool sizes through fruit development, we have assessed the influence of hexose phosphorylation through fruit development by analyzing transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing Arabidopsis hexokinase AtHXK1. Analysis of the total hexokinase activity in developing fruits revealed that both wild-type and transgenic fruits exhibit decreasing hexokinase activity with development but that the relative activity of the transgenic lines with respect to wild type increases with development. Conversely, both point-by-point and principal component analyses suggest that the metabolic phenotype of these lines becomes less distinct from wild type during development. In summary, the data presented in this paper demonstrate that the influence of hexose phosphorylation diminishes during fruit development and highlights the importance of greater temporal resolution of metabolism.Hexokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexoses to form hexose monophosphates. This reaction is especially important in plants because the use of free phosphates is particularly complex in higher plants ( Kruger, 1997). There have been many reports on the presence of glucokinase and hexokinase enzymes in a wide variety of plant species including tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum; Martinez-Barajaz and Randall, 1998), maize (Zea mays; Doehlert, 1989;Schnarrenberger, 1990; Galina et al., 1995), potato (Solanum tuberosum; Renz and Stitt, 1993;Veramendi et al., 1999), pea (Pisum sativum; Turner et al., 1977;Turner and Copeland, 1981) Recently, transgenic manipulations of the activity of hexokinase have been carried out in tomato, potato, and Arabidopsis (Jang et al., 1997; Dai et al., 1999;Veramendi et al., 1999Veramendi et al., , 2002. The results of these manipulations varied greatly between species. Transgenic Arabidopsis seeds that exhibited decreased or increased activities of hexokinase 1 displayed hyposensitive or hypersensitive responses to growth on high (6% [w/v]) Glc containing agar (Jang et al., 1997). The authors concluded that the hexokinase protein acts as a sensor for Glc in an analogous manner to those operating in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and that the modulation in the abundance of this sensor led to changes in gene expression that were responsible for the phenotype observed. The overexpression of this Arabidopsis hexokinase isoform in tomato plants led to growth inhibition, reduced photosynthesis, and a...

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Section: Absolute Quantification Of Metabolites and Validation Of Thesupporting

confidence: 51%

Metabolic Profiling of Transgenic Tomato Plants Overexpressing Hexokinase Reveals That the Influence of Hexose Phosphorylation Diminishes during Fruit Development

et al. 2003

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“…Samples were diluted with 10% (v/v) trichloroacetic acid, and the resulting extracts were then centrifuged at 9,000 × g for 10 min followed by filtration through 0.22-µm pore size membranes. Free amino acids were quantified using an auto-analyser equipped with a fluorescence detector and a computer program for quantification (Chromospek, Rank-Hilger, Margate, UK; Martínez et al, 1994). Nor-leucine was used as internal standard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of amino acids fertilization incorporated to the nutrient solution on mineral composition and growth in tomato seedlings

García

Madrid

Gimeno

et al. 1970

Span. j. agric. res.

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The aim of this research was to determine the effects on growth variables and leaf mineral concentration of tomato plants watered with nutrient solutions containing amino acids. Two separate experiments were then carried out to achieve this goal. In the first experiment, plants were watered with seven different nutrient solutions consisting of half-strength Hoagland solution supplemented with single (Alanine, Serine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine) or combined (Ala + Ser; Phe + Tyr) amino acids, each at 0.2 mM of concentration. The control nutrient solution did not have any amino acids added. Relative to the control, growth variables were not affected by the presence of amino acids. In general, the mixture of Ala + Ser increased the leaf Ca 2+ concentration, and the aliphatic amino acid treatments favoured an increase in leaf K + , Fe, Cu, and Mn concentrations. In addition, amino acids with hydroxyl groups in their structure, Ser and Tyr, increased Mg 2+ concentration. In the second experiment, the nutrient solutions were supplemented with 0.05 mM of the same amino acids (T1). Control plants were irrigated with amino acid-free nutrient solution (T0). The concentration of Ca 2+ , K + , Mg 2+ , Fe, Cu, and Mn in the leaf also increased due the amino acids treatment. Chlorophyll contents in the leaves and amino acids compositions in the xylem sap and leaf water relation were also determined. In conclusion, the data reported in the two experiments point out that the application of amino acids to the nutrient solution has a beneficial effect on the leaf mineral status and on the chlorophyll concentration of the leaves.Additional key words: amino acid fertilization; biofertilizer; hydroponic culture; Solanum lycopersicum L. ResumenEfectos de la aplicación de amino ácidos en la solución nutritiva sobre la composición mineral y el crecimiento de plántulas de tomate En este trabajo se estudiaron los efectos sobre el crecimiento y la concentración mineral de hojas de plantas de tomate cultivadas con soluciones nutritivas con distinta composición en aminoácidos. Para ello se plantearon dos experimentos. En el primero las plantas se regaron con siete soluciones nutritivas 1/2 Hoagland que diferían en la composición de los aminoácidos, todos ellos a una concentración total de 0,2 mM (Ala, Ser, Fen y Tir aplicados de forma individual, dos con la combinación Ala+Ser y Fen+Tir, un control sin aminoácidos). Las variables de crecimiento no mostraron diferencias entre los tratamientos; sin embargo, se observaron cambios en las concentraciones de nutrientes aunque los efectos dependieron de los aminoácidos utilizados. La mezcla de Ala + Ser aumentó la concentración de Ca 2+ , mientras que los tratamientos de aminoácidos alifáticos favorecieron un aumento de K + , Fe, Cu y Mn, y aquellos con grupos hidroxilo (Ser y Tyr) aumentaron el Mg 2+ . En el segundo experimento las plantas se regaron con disolución 1/2 Hoagland (T0) o con disolución 1/2 Hoagland más una mezcla de los 4 aminoácidos (0,05 mM) ensayados (T1). En este experiment...

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“…Martínez et al [15] described alterations in N-compounds for tomato plants under saline stress. They found a more significant increase in proline, induced by salinity, when plants had been exposed to NO 3 -plus NH 4 + than when they had been fed with NO 3 -alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato yield and quality as affected by nitrogen source and salinity

et al. 2003

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-Tomato plants cv. Daniela were grown in a nutrient solution containing 0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl and fertilized with 14/0, 12/2 and 10/4 NO 3 -/NH 4 + mM ratio to determine the effect of salinity and nitrogen source. Salinity in general reduced the total tomato fruit yield regardless of nitrogen source. However, no yield reduction was observed for nitrate-fed plants in the presence of 30 mM NaCl. Increasing NH 4 + concentration in the nutrient solutions decreased tomato yield. The highest yield was found in the first trusses for all treatments, except when plants were grown with a 12/2 NO 3 -/NH 4 + mM ratio until the set of the third truss and after that transferred to a nutrient solution with NO 3 -as the only nitrogen source. The increase in salinity and NH 4 + concentration in the nutrient solutions increased fruit quality by increasing the content of sugars and organic acids. However, the increase in fruit quality was associated with a decrease in yield. -/NH 4 + dans le but d'étudier l'effet de la salinité et de la source d'azote apportée. Dans tous les cas, sauf pour les plantes fertilisées avec du nitrate en présence de 30 mM NaCl, la salinité entraîne une diminution du rendement total, quelle que soit la source d'azote. L'augmentation de la concentration en NH 4 + dans la solution nutritive entraîne une diminution du rendement. Le rendement le plus élevé a été observé dans les premières grappes pour tous les traitements, sauf pour les plantes cultivées dans une solution contenant un rapport NO 3 -/NH 4 + de 12/2 jusqu'à l'apparition de la troisième grappe puis transférées dans une solution nutritive avec NO 3 -comme seule source d'azote. L'augmentation de la salinité et de la concentration en NH 4 + dans la solution nutritive entraîne une meilleure qualité des tomates. Ceci est dû à l'augmentation du taux de sucres et d'acides organiques dans les fruits. Cependant, cette amélioration de la qualité est accompagnée par une chute de rendement.nitrate / ammonium / salinité / rendement / qualité

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Changes in amino acid and organic acid composition in tomato and cucumber plants in relation to salinity and nitrogen nutrition

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Metabolic Profiling of Transgenic Tomato Plants Overexpressing Hexokinase Reveals That the Influence of Hexose Phosphorylation Diminishes during Fruit Development

Metabolic Profiling of Transgenic Tomato Plants Overexpressing Hexokinase Reveals That the Influence of Hexose Phosphorylation Diminishes during Fruit Development

The effects of amino acids fertilization incorporated to the nutrient solution on mineral composition and growth in tomato seedlings

Tomato yield and quality as affected by nitrogen source and salinity

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