Changes in arterial, mixed venous and intraerythrocytic concentrations of ions in supramaximally exercising horses

Bayly, W. M.; Kingston, Janene K.; Brown, Jennifer A.; Keegan, Robert D.; Greene, SA; Sides, R. H.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05556.x

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similar results were found by studies assessing endurance equines (HESS et al, 2006;SAMPIERI et al, 2006;FERRAZ et al, 2008;VIU, RAINGER;HODGSON, 2010) and race equines (EVANS et al, 1995;BAYLY et al, 2006;BRONSART;SIDES;BAYLY, 2009;MUKAI et al, 2010). According to Viu, Rainger and Hodgson (2010), t he ch an ges i n bl ood pH a nd pl asma l a ct at e concentration in equines are more intense in high-speed exercises (racing) when compared to moderate-speed exercises (endurance).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…In the present study, the animals were submitted to maximal effort tests and, according to Cittar (2007), when equines are exercised at maximal speed, the locomotor-respiratory coupling in quadrupeds represent a mechanical limitation to the increase in alveolar ventilation, thus resulting in an increase in P v CO 2 . Higher blood pressures were also found by Bayly et al (2006) and Mukai et al (2010), who attributed this increase to the higher CO 2 production by the active muscle tissue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The quick and intense efflux of acid equivalents from the muscle concentration causes systemic acidosis. In addition, the regulation of the acid-base balance depends on the integration of several body systems (BAYLY et al, 2006). Meanwhile, lowintensity long-duration exercises slightly raise the plasma lactate concentration and increase bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 -) concentration during running (MEYER et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Venous hemogasometry and blood electrolytes in Mangalarga Marchador mares submitted to aerobic training

et al. 2013

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The Mangalarga Marchador (MM) breed, valued for its marcha pace, has been excelling in functional activities such as marcha course. Considering the lack of information about sports physiology of the marcha horses, the development of training protocols and physical testing becomes essential and, in this context, the concentrations of blood gases and electrolytes provide additional information for the monitoring of metabolic changes induced by exercise. The goal of the study was to assess the hemogasometric responses and blood electrolyte concentration in MM mares during maximal effort treadmill tests carried out before and after training (trial 1) and between a maximal effort treadmill test and an incremental field test (trial 2). The trials assessed plasma lactate concentration, blood pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide blood pressures, and blood concentrations of the ions bicarbonate, sodium (Na, and calcium (Ca ++ ). The study followed a randomized block in a split-plot design. In the first trial, the distances walked by the equines in the tests before and after training caused decrease (p<0.05) in pH and Ca ++ concentration and increase in the concentrations of K + and Na + . In the second trial, the influence of the type of test and the ambient temperature caused decrease (p<0.05) in pH and increase in the concentrations of K + and Ca ++ . After training, MM mares had greater changes in pH and electrolyte concentrations.Index terms: Equine, bicarbonate, carbon dioxide, oxygen. RESUMOA raça Mangalarga Marchador (MM), valorizada por apresentar como andamento a marcha, vem se destacando nas atividades funcionais, como as provas de marcha. Considerando a escassez de informações sobre a fisiologia esportiva dos equinos marchadores, a elaboração de protocolos de treinamento e de testes físicos torna-se fundamental e, nesse contexto, as concentrações dos gases e eletrólitos sanguíneos constituem informações adicionais para o monitoramento das alterações metabólicas induzidas pelo exercício. Objetivou-se avaliar as respostas hemogasométricas e a concentração sanguínea de eletrólitos de éguas MM, durante teste de esforço máximo em esteira, realizado antes e após o treinamento -ensaio 1 e entre um teste de esforço máximo em esteira e um teste de intensidade crescente a campo -ensaio 2. Foram avaliadas a concentração plasmática de lactato, o pH sanguíneo, as pressões sanguíneas de oxigênio e de dióxido de carbono, as concentrações sanguíneas dos íons bicarbonato, sódio (Na

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Venous hemogasometry and blood electrolytes in Mangalarga Marchador mares submitted to aerobic training

et al. 2013

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“…The body reacts in different ways, depending on the challenge posed by the exercise, as shown by Ferraz et al (2010), they found that after exercise of high handicap polo horses, reduction in hydrogenionic potential, carbon dioxide pressure and bicarbonate, and Di Filippo et al (2009), which observed different response, with increase in these parameters after 60km in endurance horses. Therefore, the physical activity performance involves changes of various organic systems (Bayly et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and blood gasometric parameters during Vaquejada competition

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[Parâmetros clínicos e hemogasométricos de equinos durante prova de vaquejada.] As análises clínica e complementar são boas alternativas para avaliar a demanda fisiológica de equinos atletas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a variação do esforço entre os três dias de competição de vaquejada refletiu em alterações clínicas e hemogasométricas. Durante a competição foram realizados oito sprints no primeiro dia (D1), oito no segundo (D2) e três no ultimo (D3). Dez equinos foram avaliados através de aferição das frequências cardíaca, frequência respirató-ria e coleta de amostra de sangue para uso em analisador químico portátil. Foi determinado o potencial hidrogênio-nico (pH), pressão de dióxido de carbono (pCO 2 ), bicarbonato (HCO 3 -) e concentração de base titulável (cBASE). As avaliações foram realizadas em repouso de pelo menos vinte horas, antes do exercício (D0), considerado como parâmetro de controle, e até três minutos após cada sprint. Os parâmetros clínicos aumentaram em D1, D2 e D3, quando comparados a D0, o que demonstrou a maior demanda de substrato e oxigênio para as células. A avaliação hemogasométrica demonstrou redução de todas as variáveis, mais acentuada entre D1 e D2. Em D3, verificou-se menor alteração de todos os parâmetros clínicos e hemogasométricos Clinical and complementary analysis are good alternatives to evaluate physiological demand in performance horses. The aim of this study was to assess whether the physical effort variation of the three-day Vaquejada competition (a Brazilian form of bullfighting) reflected in clinical and blood gasometric changes. During the competition eight sprints have been performed on the first day (D1), eight on the second (D2) and three on the last one (D3). Ten horses were evaluated by checking heart and respiratory rates and collecting blood samples for use in portable chemistry analyzer. Through that, it was assessed potential of hydrogen ion (pH), carbon dioxide pressure (pCO 2 ), bicarbonate (HCO 3 -) and titratable base concentration (cBase). Evaluations were carried with resting of at least twenty hours, before physical activity (D0), as control parameter, and up to thirty minutes after each sprint. Clinical parameters have increased on D1, D2 and D3, when compared to D0, which demonstrated the increased demand for substrate and oxygen to the cells.. Blood gasometric trial showed reductions of all variables, most marked between D1 and D2. It was verified less alteration of all clinical and blood gasometric parameters in D3 against D0. We concluded that the change effort between days of competition influenced the clinical and blood gas parameters, demonstrating appropriate physiological response. The data were presented as mean and standard error of the mean (mean ± SEM) obtained in different days. Normality was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Sminov test and data were compared by one-way ANOVA, followed by post-test Holm-Sidak (GraphPad Prism 2.6 for Windows, GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). P≤0.05 was considered as statistically sig...

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“…In the veterinary medicine, the ABB parameters are used mainly in sport horses for the assessment of the impact of training on the oxygen content and the carbon dioxide content in the arterial and venous blood (Nolte et al 1982, Greene et al 1991, Aguilera-Tejero et al 2000, Fenger et al 2000, Bayly et al 2006) and the impact of high-fat and high-protein feed on maintaining proper blood pH in the course of training (Ferrante et al 1994, Taylor et al 1995, Zeyner et al 2002, Connysson et al 2006. In sport horses, the ABB should be regularly checked during a sodium bicarbonate therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-base balance parameters and a value of anion gap of arterial and venous blood in Małopolski horses

Sławuta¹,

Noszczyk-Nowak²,

Nowakowski³

2010

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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The comparative study of the acid-base balance (ABB) parameters has been performed on 20 clinically healthy mature Małopolski horses. An arterial blood sample from the facial artery and a sample of venous blood from the external cervical vein were colected from each animal. In the samples tested, the blood pH, pCO 2 , tCO 2 , HCO 3 -, concentration of Na + , K + , Cl -, and a value of the anion gap were determined. The difference among pCO 2 , tCO 2 , and HCO 3 -in both samples tested was statistically significant, whereas the pH of the arterial blood and the pH of the venous blood did not differ significantly. The anion gap in both types of blood did not differ significantly. Conclusions: 1) ABB parameters such as pCO 2 , HCO 3 -, and tCO 2 determined in the arterial and venous blood of the Małopolski horses differ from each other significantly. 2) In spite of the lack of the differences between pH of the arterial and venous blood, the ABB parameters in horses should be determined in the arterial blood, because the comparative study performed proves that the analysis of the ABB parameters determined for the venous blood of a healthy horse may lead to a wrong diagnosis of the compensated respiratory acidosis. 3) The mean value of anion gap in horses aged 8-12 years amounts to 20.9 mmol/l for the arterial blood and 19.93 for the venous blood; the difference between the two values is not statistically significant.

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Changes in arterial, mixed venous and intraerythrocytic concentrations of ions in supramaximally exercising horses

Abstract: This serves to keep intramuscular [Lac-] lower than it would otherwise be and, because of the link between Lac- accumulation, pH decrease and the onset of fatigue, may help delay the onset of fatigue.

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Venous hemogasometry and blood electrolytes in Mangalarga Marchador mares submitted to aerobic training

Venous hemogasometry and blood electrolytes in Mangalarga Marchador mares submitted to aerobic training

Clinical and blood gasometric parameters during Vaquejada competition

Acid-base balance parameters and a value of anion gap of arterial and venous blood in Małopolski horses

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