Changes in biochemical, immunological and inflammatory parameters in hyper and hypothyroidism: A systematic review

Abstract

This review presents an assessment of alterations in various biomarkers in hyper and hypothyroidism. In hyperthyroidism, the level of thyroid hormone increases while it decreases in the case of hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland has been implicated in a broad spectrum of carbohydrate metabolism, imbalance of lipid profile, and mineral metabolism. Autoimmunity and inflammatory reactions in the thyroid gland might lead to the conditions like hyper and hypothyroidism. Lipid profile dysfunction is common in hypothyroidism patients while a higher level of liver enzymes is associated with hyperthyroidism. Glucose level has been observed to increase in both conditions. Hypothyroid patients are more prone to autoimmune conditions in comparison to hyperthyroid patients. According to the type of thyroid disorder, the concentrations of various biochemical, immunological and inflammatory markers alter. The literature reviewed in this article establishes considerable changes in the above parameters among thyroid patients which might help further in the early diagnosis and management of thyroid dysfunctions.