Changes in Blood Hormone Levels during the Immune Response

Besedovsky, Hugo O.; Sorkin, E.; Keller, M.; Müller, J.

doi:10.3181/00379727-150-39057

Cited by 281 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Do basal levels of CORT facilitate or inhibit Ab formation? The second issue is the influence of the elevations in CORT levels that occur 5-7 days after antigenic challenge (17,18). The present experiments determined whether basal CORT, a CORT rise 5-7 days after Ag, or both, might be of functional importance in the development of Ag-specific Ab.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Thus, any role that GC might play in modulating these events that occur Ͼ3 or 4 days after Ag is unexplored. Interestingly, a small rise in plasma corticosterone (CORT) has been reported to occur 5-7 days after the administration of both sheep erythrocytes (17) and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) (18). Whether this small rise in CORT 5-7 days after Ag is important for Ab formation is unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

Fleshner¹,

Deak

Nguyen

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly reported to be immunosuppressive. Studies that support this involve the administration of synthetic GCs such as dexamethasone at high pharmacological doses and using in vitro assay systems that may have limited relevance to the role of GCs during normal in vivo immune responses. Therefore, the following experiments tested the conclusion that GCs are generally immunosuppressive. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received adrenalectomy (ADX) or sham surgery. ADX rats were given either basal corticosterone (CORT) replacement in their drinking water (25 μg/ml) or no CORT. Rats were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and blood samples were taken. ADX rats with no CORT replacement had reduced anti-KLH IgM and IgG responses compared with sham-operated controls. ADX rats that received basal CORT replacement had partially restored anti-KLH IgM, but still had suppressed anti-KLH IgG. Administration of GC receptor type I (RU28318) and type II (RU40555) receptor antagonists also reduced the anti-KLH IgM and IgG responses. ADX rats that received both basal CORT replacement and low dose injections of CORT on days 5 and 7 after KLH had anti-KLH IgG levels equal to those of sham-operated controls. Finally, the GC elevation 4–7 days after immunization may play a role in stimulating the IgM to IgG2a switch. GC receptor blockade reduced the anti-KLH IgG2a and splenic IFN-γ, but not the anti-KLH IgG1, response. Given that IFN-γ is an important regulator of the IgM to IgG2a switch, it is possible that the small rise in GC found 4–7 days after KLH facilitates IgG2a isotype switching.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

Fleshner¹,

Deak

Nguyen

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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“…SRBC is one of such non-replicated antigens that are used in the various immuno-physiological studies. Injections with SRBC simulate immune and endocrine reactions that are typical of real infections but have no toxic action [169,170]. In a study of the outbred ICR mice, it was demonstrated that intact estrous females spent less time inspecting the soiled bedding (sawdust) of males injected with SRBC compared to control males [171].…”

Section: Role Immune System In Releasing Of Honest Signalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Immune System in Behavioral Strategies of Reproduction

Мошкин

Gerlinskaya

Evsikov

2000

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Since both reproduction and immunocompetence are costly, the negative reciprocal relationships between these functions were found in many species. Due to reproductive immunosuppression, some fraction of seasonally breeding populations of small mammals reproduces in the first breeding season, while others reproduce in the next one. Elevation of breeding efforts under the increased risk of mortality and the reproductive delay until recovery are the polar variants of mating behavior of parasitized individuals. However the parasite-induced changes of odor, visual or acoustic signals limit the mating success of the infected hosts. The direct influence of the immune system, regularly activated by infections, to chemicals signals can be answer to the question: why these signals are honest? Decrease of a strange infection risk by kin breeding can be a satisfactory strategy of an isolated population. Nevertheless, many species follow the inbreeding avoidance strategy, where the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play key role in kin recognition. The advantage of MHC heterozygosity was found at the all steps of the breeding cycle; including mating choice, fertilization, pre-and postnatal development. So, the relationships between immune system and neuroendocrine regulation of behavior give proximate explanations of the evolutionary stable strategies of breeding behavior.

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“…Hormones modulate the immune system, and in turn, cytokines, the soluble factors secreted by the immune cells, modify the neuroendocrine secretion (for reviews see Madden & Felten 1995, Besedovsky & Del Rey 1996. Acute infection induces adrenal hypertrophy (Pinchot et al 1949) and immunization with sheep red blood cells activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Besedovsky et al 1975). These effects seem to be mediated by the released cytokines, and it has been shown that interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6 and -interferon increase glucocorticoid secretion (Besedovsky & Del Rey 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide administration on the somatotropic axis

Soto¹,

Martin²,

Millán³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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The aim of this work was to study the effect of chronic activation of the immune system on the somatotropic axis. Accordingly, the changes in growth hormone (GH) secretion, circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in response to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration were examined in adult male Wistar rats. Acute LPS injection (2·5, 25 or 250 µg/kg) increased serum corticosterone in a dosedependent manner and decreased serum levels of insulin and IGF-I, serum GH concentration declined linearly as the LPS dose increased. Western ligand blot showed an increase in the 33 kDa band (corresponding to IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2) in the rats that received the highest dose of LPS (250 µg/kg). Chronic LPS administration (250 µg/kg daily for 8 days) significantly decreased body weight, serum levels of IGF-I and pituitary GH content, whereas it increased circulating IGFBP-3 (47 kDa band), IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 (33 kDa band) and the 24 kDa band (which possibly corresponds to IGFBP-4). Serum concentration of corticosterone and hypothalamic somatostatin content were also increased by chronic LPS treatment. These data suggest that the decrease in GH and IGF-I secretion and the increase in circulating IGFBPs are important mechanisms in body weight loss during chronic inflammation.

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Changes in Blood Hormone Levels during the Immune Response

Cited by 281 publications

References 7 publications

Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

Endogenous Glucocorticoids Play a Positive Regulatory Role in the Anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin In Vivo Antibody Response

The Role of the Immune System in Behavioral Strategies of Reproduction

Effects of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide administration on the somatotropic axis

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