Changes in calcium, 25(OH) vitamin D3 and other biochemical factors during pregnancy

Concentrations of various trace elements are altered during pregnancy with changes in the mother's physiology and the requirements of growing fetus. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to learn the changes of micronutrients Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) Magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) of pregnant woman and their relations with newborns levels. Serum levels of iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and copper of 162 pregnant women and their newborns were determined by an inductively couple plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). The results showed that majority (41 %) of pregnant women were in age group 26-36 years 55 % had high school and diploma levels of education and the total income ranged between 3 and 5 Rials million per month There was significant difference in iron levels during first, second and third trimesters, 76.0 ± 17.8, 63.5 ± 15.2 and 70.1 ± 14.4 lg/dl respectively. Significant difference was shown in zinc levels 79.5 ± 15, 74.5 ± 16.1, and 65.3 ± 14.9 lg/dl during three trimesters. Copper levels during pregnancy were significantly different (130.9 ± 43.5, 172.0 ± 38.94, 193.2 ± 28.5 lg/dl. The serum levels of calcium and magnesium during pregnancy were constant (Ca: 8.96 ± 0.48, 8.86 ± 0.47, 8.91 ± 0.42 mg/dl and Mg: 2.10 ± 0.21, 2.08 ± 0.28, 2.09 ± 0.29 mg/dl). Results showed that 13 % of pregnant women had hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia. Thirty eight percent and 42 % of pregnant women had iron and zinc deficiency respectively. In this study, unlike zinc, no pregnant women were found deficient in serum copper levels. Calcium, iron, zinc, copper and magnesium levels in the newborn's cord blood were 8.93 ± 0.43, 106.0 ± 26.1, 85.35 ± 16.6, 57.04 ± 13.8 and 1.99 ± 0.27 mg/dl respectively. In the present study the levels of iron and zinc in cord blood were higher than the levels of iron and zinc in maternal serum. The mean level of copper in cord blood serum in the current study was lower than maternal values. The mean serum calcium and magnesium in the serum cord blood and in the serum of the pregnant women were similar.

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“…A study in Iran [29], showed that 19 % of pregnant women had hypocalcemia (i.e. serum calcium level below 8.5 mg/dl).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Level of Some Minerals during Three Trimesters of Pregnancy in Iranian Women and Their Newborns: A Longitudinal Study

Tabrizi

Pakdel

2013

Ind J Clin Biochem

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“…Studies from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, and Iran reveal that 10-60% of mothers and 40-80% of their neonates had undetectable low vitamin D levels (0-25 nmol/L) at delivery [112][113][114][115]. Neonatal outcomes were not detailed in most studies.…”

Section: Middle East and Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

Wahl²,

et al. 2009

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“…The Middle East, the land of every day sun, is by no means an exception. Studies conducted in Iran and neighboring countries clearly demonstrate severe vitamin D deficiency in different age groups, especially in women, most probably because of the type of clothing and deficient oral intake of vitamin D, which is 50-110 U per day (Sedrani et al, 1983;Alagol et al, 2000;Hashemipour et al, 2004;Mirsaeid Ghazi et al, 2004;Ainy et al, 2006;Dahifar et al, 2007;Baroncelli et al, 2008). Mean daily intake of calcium (Ca) is 580-600 mg (Du et al, 2001;El-Hajj Fuleihan et al, 2001), hence the people in the region have mixed Ca and vitamin D deficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different doses of oral cholecalciferol on serum 25(OH)D, PTH, calcium and bone markers during fall and winter in schoolchildren

et al. 2010

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Changes in calcium, 25(OH) vitamin D3 and other biochemical factors during pregnancy

Abstract: 60% of women in the first trimester, 48% in the second and 47% in the third trimester had either severe or moderate vitamin D deficiency. It is recommended that the importance of calcium supplements with vitamin D in pregnant women be stressed for these individuals.

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Serum Level of Some Minerals during Three Trimesters of Pregnancy in Iranian Women and Their Newborns: A Longitudinal Study

Serum Level of Some Minerals during Three Trimesters of Pregnancy in Iranian Women and Their Newborns: A Longitudinal Study

Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D

Effects of different doses of oral cholecalciferol on serum 25(OH)D, PTH, calcium and bone markers during fall and winter in schoolchildren

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