Changes in cannabis use, exposure, and health perceptions following legalization of adult recreational cannabis use in California: a prospective observational study

Gali, Kathleen; Winter, Sandra J.; Ahuja, Naina J.; Frank, Erica; Prochaska, Judith J.

doi:10.1186/s13011-021-00352-3

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It could be that when states legalize cannabis, public perceptions of harm from using that substance also drops dramatically. For instance, harm perceptions of cannabis among adults decreased after recreational cannabis was legalized in California 27 . Perhaps a similar trend is occurring in Oklahoma, and other states legalizing cannabis, which is influencing use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Single‐use, co‐use, and polysubstance use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis in sexual minority and heterosexual females

et al. 2022

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Background and Objective: Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use are more prevalent in sexual minority females than heterosexual females, and their use is associated with adverse consequences. Identifying disparities in substance use patterns by sexual identity may inform interventions targeting this vulnerable group. This study examined differences between heterosexual and sexual minority females on patterns of past 30-day tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use. Methods: N = 3020 females (18.8% sexual minority) completed an online survey (September 2020-October 2021) that queried about past 30-day tobacco/nicotine (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, large cigar/LCCs, and other products), alcohol, and cannabis use. Participants were classified into one of eight patterns: no use, tobacco/nicotineonly, alcohol-only, cannabis-only, alcohol and tobacco/nicotine, tobacco/nicotine and cannabis, alcohol and cannabis, and polysubstance use. A multinomial logistic regression model examined the association between sexual identity and each substance use group, controlling for demographics. Results: Across both groups, no substance use was the most common pattern. Polysubstance use was the most common substance use pattern among sexual minority females. In adjusted regression models, sexual minority females were more likely to report cannabis-only (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.58), tobacco/nicotine and cannabis co-use (AOR = 1.74), alcohol and cannabis co-use (AOR = 2.50), and polysubstance use (AOR = 2.60), compared to heterosexual females. [Correction added on 23 November 2022, after first online publication: In the preceding paragraph, the AOR and CI values were corrected.] Discussion and Conclusions: Substance use patterns that involve cannabis are more common among sexual minority females. Scientific Significance: This study extends prior research by using a large sample of females to examine differences based on sexual identity in patterns of tobacco/ nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use beyond single substance use and considers co-use and polysubstance use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Single‐use, co‐use, and polysubstance use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis in sexual minority and heterosexual females

et al. 2022

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“…both prevalence of use and daily use among adults soon after the legalisation of non-medical cannabis. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, little data exist examining the impact of legalisation on use specifically among a working population, including workplace use.…”

Section: Workplacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Canada and the USA (where several states have legalised cannabis for non-medical purposes6), the literature evaluating changes in use among working-aged adults after legalisation is still emerging. The available research provides some evidence of a trend towards increases in both prevalence of use and daily use among adults soon after the legalisation of non-medical cannabis 7–13. However, little data exist examining the impact of legalisation on use specifically among a working population, including workplace use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use and workplace cannabis availability, perceptions and policies among Canadian workers: a comparison before and after the legalisation of non-medical cannabis

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesLittle data exist examining the impact of non-medical (recreational) cannabis legalisation among a working population. The objective was to compare cannabis use patterns and workplace risk perceptions, cannabis availability and workplace use policies before and almost 1 year after legalisation in Canadian workers.MethodsTwo overlapping cross-sectional samples of Canadian workers were surveyed 4 months before legalisation (time 1 (T1), n=2011) and 9–11 months after legalisation (time 2 (T2), n=4032), gathering information on cannabis use (overall and workplace use), workers’ perceptions regarding risks of workplace use, availability of cannabis at work and awareness of workplace substance use policies. The marginal distributions of these variables at T1 and T2 were compared, adjusting for sociodemographic, work and health and lifestyle factors.ResultsCannabis use status changed from prelegalisation to postlegalisation (p<0.0001), with fewer respondents reporting former use (ie, more than 1 year ago; 40.4% at T1, 33.0% at T2) and a greater proportion of workers reporting past-year use (30.4% at T1, 39.3% at T2). Never use remained stable (29.2% at T1, 27.6% at T2). Workplace cannabis use also remained stable (9.4% at T1, 9.1% at T2; p=0.4580). At T1, 62.7% of respondents reported being aware of their workplace having a substance use policy, increasing to 79.0% at T2 (p<0.0001). Small magnitude changes occurred in perceptions of risk and workplace availability.ConclusionsResults point to a lack of substantive changes in the short-term from prelegalisation to postlegalisation. Longer-term data among workers are needed given the evolving nature of this legislative policy.

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“…19 Following the legalization of cannabis use from medical to recreational purposes in California, most respondents (58%) to Stanford University's WELL for Life registry supported state legalization. 20 Perceptions of the health benefits and use of cannabis increased once it was legalized. Driven by very active cannabis legalization lobbyists and long-term financial consequences, many state legislative bodies are increasingly open to legalizing cannabis use for medical and (in some cases) recreational use.…”

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confidence: 99%

Medical Cannabis State and Federal Regulations

McLeod

Ventresca

Salinas

et al. 2021

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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Thirty-six states and four territories in the United States have legalized cannabis for medical and/or recreational use. Marijuana, however, continues to be classified as a schedule I substance under the Federal Controlled Substance Act and remains illegal under US federal law. The incongruity between state and federal legislation creates various challenges for stakeholders: patients, medical trainees, providers, and health care institutions. This communication provides an overview of the major policies impacting Cannabis sativa use within the United States, various state and federal regulations, and highlights potential implications for health care institutions moving forward. Existing literature, regulations, and policies on medical marijuana (MMJ) use in health care settings were searched, reviewed, analyzed, and distilled. As a consequence of legislative inconsistencies, there is insufficient clarity and resultant challenges regarding MMJ usage, prescription, possession, education, and research-related policies for health care stakeholders across the United States. Coupled with limited scientific evidence on the clinical efficacy of MMJ, the needs of the patient and the quality of health care delivery may be affected as hospitals balance the competing risks of being legislatively compliant while protecting the rights of patients and health care employees. There is a recognized need to better define acceptable MMJ policies and regulations in health care settings that are evidence-based, legally compliant, and adequately address the needs of both patients and providers. Given the complexity of the legal and policy landscape, there are potential opportunities for improvement, including in medical education and training, research, and usage oversight of MMJ for stakeholders in the United States.

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Changes in cannabis use, exposure, and health perceptions following legalization of adult recreational cannabis use in California: a prospective observational study

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Single‐use, co‐use, and polysubstance use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis in sexual minority and heterosexual females

Single‐use, co‐use, and polysubstance use of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis in sexual minority and heterosexual females

Cannabis use and workplace cannabis availability, perceptions and policies among Canadian workers: a comparison before and after the legalisation of non-medical cannabis

Medical Cannabis State and Federal Regulations

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