Changes in coastal dune systems on the Catalan shoreline (Spain, NW Mediterranean Sea). Comparing dune landscapes between 1890 and 1960 with their current status

Spatiotemporal evaluation of the geomorphological state of beach‐dune systems using management criteria

“…The Catalan coastline currently has 110 beaches with beach‐dune systems or dune morphologies, which in many cases display a poor state of conservation (Garcia‐Lozano & Pintó, 2018). There has been a regression in dune morphologies deriving from a lack of criteria in their use and management, a fact that has impacted on their conservation (Garcia‐Lozano et al, 2018). Some of them have assumed morphoecological states, which are erosive and irreversible in nature, according to Hesp's (2002) classification, due to the effects of natural processes such as sedimentary interruption in the hydrological basins, coastal drift, and a lack of management for restoration purposes (Garcia‐Lozano & Pintó, 2018; Pintó et al, 2014).…”

“…The former is one of the main economic activities, contributing around 11% of Catalonia's gross domestic product (IDESCAT, 2016), where the coast is the main tourist destination. Some recent changes in the landscape of the Costa Brava region are related with tourism activities, which are described in detail by Martí and Pintó (2012), Pintó et al (2014), Pintó and Garcia‐Lozano (2016), Roig‐Munar, Martín‐Prieto, and Rodríguez‐Perea (2015), Roig‐Munar, Pintó, Martín‐Prieto, Ramos, and Garcia‐Lozano (2017), and Garcia‐Lozano et al (2018). Besides the historical transformation, the Costa Brava region is considered an erosive coast, as around 70% of the beaches have shown an erosive tendency in recent decades (Jiménez, Valdemoro, Bosom, Sánchez‐Arcilla, & Nicholls, 2017).…”

“…The dune systems of most coastal areas in the Mediterranean are under great pressure mainly due to the development of tourism activities, with estimations that 75% of Mediterranean coastal dunes have been damaged or destroyed as a result of tourism from 1960 to 1990 (Van der Meulen & Salman, 1996). In the case of Catalonia, 90% of the beaches have suffered the disappearance of their dune habitat in the last 50 years (Garcia‐Lozano, Pintó, & Daunis‐i‐Estadella, 2018). However, the importance of these systems has been acknowledged recently and most are currently protected from the more destructive human activities via European, national, or local provisions (Baeyens & Martínez, 2004; Balaguer & Roig‐Munar, 2016).…”

Evolución espacio temporal de las playas con Bandera Azul en las Islas Baleares (1987-2018), consecuencias en su mejora y recuperación morfológica

“…Con el fin de establecer indicadores de playas, basados en aspectos físicos, biológicos, de planificación, de gestión y de usos, en las últimas décadas se han calculado parámetros para clasificar tipologías de playas que permiten el seguimiento y adaptación de estos a diferentes tipologías de playas como herramientas básicas diseñadas para alcanzar objetivos medioambientales del sistema (Sardá, Valls y Pintó, 2013). Existen diferentes parámetros para establecer índices de seguimiento y análisis de playas (Leatherman 1997;Morgan 1999;Tudor y Williams 2006;Laranjeira, 1999;Ariza, Sardá, Jimenez, Mora y Avila, 2008a;Roca y Villarés, 2008; Roig-Munar, Rodríguez-Perea, Martín-Prieto y Pons, 2009;Corbau, Simeoni, Melchiorre, Rodella, y Utizi, 2015; Peña-Alonso, Gallego-Fernández, Hernández-Calvento, Hernández-Cordero y Ariza, 2018;Semeoshenkova, Newton, Contin y Greggio, 2017;García Lozano, Pintó Evolución espacio temporal de las playas con Bandera Azul en las Islas Baleares (1987Baleares ( -2018, consecuencias en su mejora y ... y Daunis, 2018), con el objetivo de mejorar su gestión mediante el análisis de valores cuantitativos y/o cualitativos que pueden ser revisados y valorados a los largo de diferentes años, permitiendo establecer tendencias y analizar períodos espacio-temporales del conjunto de la playa.…”

Anthropogenic degradation of dunes within a city: a disappearing feature of the cultural landscape of Toruń (Poland)

“…The literature considers the issue of dune degradation by human activity (mainly by urbanisation and tourism) primarily in relation to forms on marine coasts (e.g. Catto, 2002;Stancheva et al, 2011;Cabrera-Vega et al, 2013;Santana-Corderoa et al, 2016;Garcia-Lozanoa et al, 2018). Dunes in coastal areas occupied by a large part of the world's population are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic transformations and destruction.…”