Changes in cytokines in tears after endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy for primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Abstract

Purpose We attempted to compare the cytokine composition of tears between primary acquired nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction and normal controls. We investigated the changes in cytokines in tears after endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Patients and methods Eighteen patients underwent endonasal DCR, with seven patients undergoing bilateral DCR, resulting in twenty-five DCRs in total. Eleven contralateral un-operated eyes were used as normal controls. Silicone stents were removed 3 months after surgery. Tear samples were collected from all eyes before surgery, and at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and 4 months after surgery. The level of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-b2, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tears was measured. Results The concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, and FGF-2 were significantly higher in eyes with NLD obstruction than controls before surgery (P ¼ 0.006, 0.018, 0.002, 0.048, and 0.039, respectively). Most inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-6, VEGF, and FGF-2) were higher in the tears of the DCR group compared with the controls during the postoperative follow-up, but then rapidly decreased to the level of the controls after removal of the silicone stent. The recurred eyes showed a higher level of TGF-b2 and FGF-2 in tears compared with the eyes that showed good surgical results (Po0.005 and o0.005, respectively). ConclusionThe tear levels of inflammatory cytokines were higher in eyes with NLD obstruction than controls. The changes in cytokine level during the postoperative period showed the importance of cytokine analysis in understanding wound healing after DCR.

Cytokine Profiles of Tear Fluid From Patients With Pediatric Lacrimal Duct Obstruction

“…According to a previous report, the IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in tears were significantly higher in eyes with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction than in control samples, suggesting that IL-10 might have a potential role as a bioindicator in adult populations. 7 In the present study, only the tear IL-6 level was significantly higher on the side with lacrimal duct obstruction, compared to the control side. The reason for this discrepancy is not clear.…”

“…6 The levels of several inflammatory cytokines have been reported to be elevated in the tears of adults with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstructions. 7 In a previous study, the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, and FGF-2 were significantly higher in eyes with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction than in the controls, suggesting that IL-10 may have a potential role as a bioindicator for lacrimal passage obstruction. 7 The mechanism underlying the increase in the cytokine levels in the tear fluid samples obtained from patients with lacrimal duct obstruction is not yet fully understood.…”

“…7 In a previous study, the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, and FGF-2 were significantly higher in eyes with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction than in the controls, suggesting that IL-10 may have a potential role as a bioindicator for lacrimal passage obstruction. 7 The mechanism underlying the increase in the cytokine levels in the tear fluid samples obtained from patients with lacrimal duct obstruction is not yet fully understood. The cytokines in the tears of patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction are considered to be derived possibly from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT).…”

“…The cytokines in the tears of patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction are considered to be derived possibly from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). 7 The flow of tears through the lacrimal drainage system is a one-way system in normal cases. However, in patients with lacrimal duct obstruction, the locally produced cytokines may flow back and accumulate in the tear film.…”

Therapeutic methods of scar prevention at the site of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy

“…Единственная работа по изучению уровня цитокинов в слезе после ЭДЦР принадлежит J. Lee и соавт. [41]. Авто-ры сообщили, что процесс заживления ДС после ЭДЦР зависит от реципрокных взаимодействий между разно-образными цитокинами и клетками, выстилающими сли-зистую носа и слезного мешка.…”