Changes in Escherichia coli resistance to co-trimoxazole in tuberculosis patients and in relation to co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in Thyolo, Malawi

Zachariah, Rony; Harries, Anthony; Spielmann, M P; Arendt, Victor; Nchingula, D.; Mwenda, R; Courtielle, O; Kirpach, P; Mwale, B; Salaniponi, F. M. L.

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90306-8

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…29,32 Since most of these studies were not specifi cally designed with the primary intention of studying drug resistance as a function of prophylaxis, the evidence base is not powerful enough to dismiss the risk of resistance developing, and specifi c ongoing surveillance is therefore justifi ed. The potential problem is not only for increased resistance to co-trimoxazole, which is already high in many settings, but also for worsening resistance to other antibiotics.…”

Section: Barriers Preventing Scale-up Of Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling-up co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children in high HIV-prevalence countries

Zachariah

Harries

Luo

et al. 2007

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) is a widely available antibiotic that substantially reduces HIV-related morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. Prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole is a recommended intervention of proven benefi t that could serve not only as an initial step towards improving paediatric care in young children with limited access to antiretroviral treatment, but also as an important complement to antiretroviral therapy in resourcelimited settings. Despite co-trimoxazole's known clinical benefi ts, the potential operational benefi ts, and favourable recommendations by WHO, UNAIDS, and UNICEF, its routine use in developing countries-particularly subSaharan Africa-has remained limited. Out of an estimated 4 million children in need of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis (HIV-exposed and HIV-infected), only 4% are currently receiving this intervention. We discuss some of the major barriers preventing the scale-up of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for children in countries with a high prevalence of HIV and propose specifi c actions required to tackle these challenges.

show abstract

Section: Barriers Preventing Scale-up Of Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling-up co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children in high HIV-prevalence countries

Zachariah

Harries

Luo

et al. 2007

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This was similar with the recent observational cohort study done in Moshi, Tanzania on the effect of TMP-SMX prophylaxis on antimicrobial resistance of faecal Escherichia coli in HIV-infected patients. Fifty-seven faecal E. coli isolated from HIV-infected patients that were on TMP-SMX prophylaxis, 37(64.9%) were already resistant to TMP-SMX before the commencement of TMP-SMX prophylaxis (Zachariah et al, 2002). Studies in East Africa and southern Africa have also demonstrated such resistance in Enterobacteriaceae (Murray, 1987;van Oosterhout et al, 2005;WHO, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis on Faecal Carriage Rates of Resistant Isolates of Escherichia Coli in Hiv-Infected Adult Patients in Lagos.

Egwuatu

Iwuafor

Egwuatu

et al. 2016

AJID

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The daily use of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis reduces morbidity and mortality among patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) but its impact on increasing antimicrobial resistance rates has been of public concern globally. This study investigated the effect of daily TMP-SMX prophylaxis on faecal carriage rates of resistant isolates of Escherichia coli in HIV-infected adult patients in Lagos. Methods: A total of 550 HIV-infected patients with CD4-cell count of less than 350 cell/mm 3 and were eligible for TMP-SMX prophylaxis attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, were recruited. Stool/rectal swab samples were aseptically collected from the patients and processed using standard methods for culture and sensitivity. Results: There was a baseline Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole resistance rate of 54% which increased to 77.9% in first 3 months, rising to 96.1% by 6 months and all isolates were resistant by the 9th month. There was also evidence of crossresistance to other antibiotics with significant association with TMP-SMX resistance (p<0.0001). The Escherichia coli isolates showed a progressive increase in resistance to the tested antibiotics over the 12-month period. The resistance was in the following order: Ampicillin (74% to 82.6% in the first 3 months; 98.3% by the 6th month and 99.4% by the 9th month; all isolates were resistant by the 12th month). Augmentin (32.5% to 47.7% in first 3 months; 76.1% by the 6th month; 86.3% by the 9th month; all isolates were resistant by 12 months). Ceftriaxone (2.0% to 10.8% in first 3 months; 20.6% by the 6th month; 24.2% by the 9th month; 54.3% by the 12 months). Conclusion:The carriage rate of faecal E. coli resistant to TMP-SMX is common before TMP-SMX prophylaxis. Initiation of TMP-SMX leads to further increase in resistance to TMP-SMX and cross-resistance to other antimicrobials.

show abstract

“…This was similar with the recent observational cohort study done in Moshi, Tanzania on the effect of TMP-SMX prophylaxis on antimicrobial resistance of feacal Escherichia coli in HIV-infected patients. Out of fifty-seven (57) feacal E. coli isolated from HIV-infected patients that were on TMP-SMX prophylaxis, 37(64.9%) were already resistant to TMP-SMX before the commencement of TMP-SMX prophylaxis (Zachariah et al, 2002). Studies in East Africa and southern Africa have also demonstrated such resistance in Enterobacteriaceae (van Oosterhout et al, 2005;Murray, 1987;WHO, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EFFECT OF TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS ON FEACAL CARRIAGE RATES OF RESISTANT ISOLATES OF Escherichia Coli IN HIV-INFECTED ADULT PATIENTS IN LAGOS

Egwuatu¹,

Ogunsola²,

Iwuafor³

et al. 2016

AJID

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The daily use of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis reduces morbidity and mortality among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but its impact on increasing antimicrobial resistance rates has been of public health concern, globally. This study investigated the effect of daily TMP-SMX prophylaxis on feacal carriage rates of resistant isolates of Escherichia coli in HIV-infected adult patients in Lagos. Methods: A total of 550 HIV-infected patients with CD4-cell counts of less than 350 cells/mm 3 who were eligible for TMP-SMX prophylaxis and attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, were recruited for this study. Stool/rectal swab samples were aseptically collected from the patients and processed using standard methods for culture and sensitivity. Results: There was a baseline Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole resistance rate of 54% which increased to 77.9% in first 3 months, rising to 96.1% by 6 months and all isolates were resistant by the 9th month. There was also evidence of cross-resistance to other antibiotics with significance in association with TMP-SMX resistance (p<0.0001). The Escherichia coli isolates showed a progressive increase in resistance to the tested antibiotics over the 12-month period. The resistance was in the following order: Ampicillin (74% to 82.6% in the first 3 months; 98.3% by the 6th month and 99.4% by the 9th month; all isolates were resistant by the 12th month), Augmentin (32.5% to 47.7% in first 3 months; 76.1% by the 6th month; 86.3% by the 9th month; all isolates were resistant by 12 months), Ceftriaxone (2.0% to 10.8% in first 3 months; 20.6% by the 6th month; 24.2% by the 9th month; 54.3% by the 12 months). Conclusions:The carriage rate of feacal E. coli resistant to TMP-SMX is common before TMP-SMX prophylaxis. Initiation of TMP-SMX leads to further increase in resistance to TMP-SMX and cross-resistance to other antimicrobials.

show abstract

Changes in Escherichia coli resistance to co-trimoxazole in tuberculosis patients and in relation to co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in Thyolo, Malawi

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Scaling-up co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children in high HIV-prevalence countries

Scaling-up co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children in high HIV-prevalence countries

Effect of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis on Faecal Carriage Rates of Resistant Isolates of Escherichia Coli in Hiv-Infected Adult Patients in Lagos.

EFFECT OF TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS ON FEACAL CARRIAGE RATES OF RESISTANT ISOLATES OF Escherichia Coli IN HIV-INFECTED ADULT PATIENTS IN LAGOS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About