Changes in growth and chemical defences upon defoliation in maize

Collantes, Hugo G.; Gianoli, Ernesto; Niemeyer, Hermann M.

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00444-0

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Germination, Seedling Klun and Robinson (1969), Collantes et al (1998) Phytochem Rev Variation of SM during early development SM, as has previously been mentioned, can be provided directly by the mother plant (Baumann and Gabriel 1984;Suzuki and Waller 1987) or biosynthesised de novo (Aerts et al 1990;Niemeyer 1988;Aerts et al 1996;Huub et al 1997;Schaffner et al 2003;Matsuda et al 2005; de la Cruz Chacón and González-Esquinca 2012). In any case, these two conditions imply a considerable investment of energetic resources and biosynthetic machinery, first during embryogenesis and/or the maturation of seeds and later during germination or seedling growth.…”

Section: Zea Mayzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites during early development in plants

2012

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Early development is a critical stage in a plant's life, as the plant must establish itself in the ecosystem during this period. The secondary metabolites (SM) during this phase is a strategy that contributes to the survival of plant species. Through a review of the literature, a number of reports were found that investigated the presence of SM during germination and early plant development (phases 0 and 1 according to the Zadoks and BBCH scales). A total of 250 reports were found that investigated 99 species and nearly 200 SM that accumulate during this period of the plant life cycle. A large portion of the SM are biosynthesised de novo, whereas the remainder are derived in part or in total from the mother plant. In many cases, the resources for biosynthesis are supplied only by the reserve material of the endosperm or cotyledons, which allows for independent photosynthesis. The presence of SM at these stages confers characteristics of more advanced stages, such as tissue-specific distribution, spatio-temporal regulation, and the individual regulation of all of the biosynthesised SM. The amount and diversity of SM are not universally related to the progress of plant development, but it is a widespread phenomenon. The early production of SM has ecological implications that involve defence mechanisms, relationships with microorganisms, and the role of these compounds as nitrogen reserves. This review contributes to the systematisation of studies on SM in the early stages of development.

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Section: Zea Mayzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites during early development in plants

2012

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“…1 E-mail: sgr37@cornell.edu Recent surveys of root chemical defenses showed no consistent pattern of allocation toward roots vs. shoots across taxa (Kaplan et al 2008b, Rasmann and Agrawal 2008, van Dam et al 2009). The concentration of constitutive secondary compounds in roots and shoots depended on plant family, species, and genotype (Collantes et al 1998, Agerbirk et al 2003, Hol et al 2004, plant age (Hara et al 2000, Frolich et al 2006, and ontogenetic stage of the tissues sampled Baldwin 2000, Walls et al 2005). Induction of the same secondary compounds also showed no consistent pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardenolides, induced responses, and interactions between above‐ and belowground herbivores of milkweed (Asclepias spp.)

Rasmann

Agrawal

Cook

et al. 2009

Ecology

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Theory has long predicted allocation patterns for plant defense against herbivory, but only recently have both above- and belowground plant defenses been considered simultaneously. Milkweeds in the genus Asclepias are a classic chemically defended clade of plants with toxic cardenolides (cardiac glycosides) and pressurized latex employed as anti-herbivore weapons. Here we combine a comparative approach to investigate broadscale patterns in allocation to root vs. shoot defenses across species with a species-specific experimental approach to identify the consequences of defense allocational shifts on a specialist herbivore. Our results show phylogenetic conservatism for inducibility of shoot cardenolides by an aboveground herbivore, with only four closely related tropical species showing significant induction; the eight temperate species examined were not inducible. Allocation to root and shoot cardenolides was positively correlated across species, and this relationship was maintained after accounting for phylogenetic nonindependence. In contrast to long-standing theoretical predictions, we found no evidence for a trade-off between constitutive and induced cardenolides; indeed the two were positively correlated across species in both roots and shoots. Finally, specialist root and shoot herbivores of common milkweed (A. syriaca) had opposing effects on latex production, and these effects had consequences for caterpillar growth consistent with latex providing resistance. Although cardenolides were not affected by our treatments, A. syriaca allocated 40% more cardenolides to shoots over roots. We conclude that constitutive and inducible defenses are not trading off across plant species, and shoots of Asclepias are more inducible than roots. Phylogenetic conservatism cannot explain the observed patterns of cardenolide levels across species, but inducibility per se was conserved in a tropical clade. Finally, given that above- and belowground herbivores can systemically alter the defensive phenotype of plants, we concur with recent calls for a whole-plant perspective in testing models of plant defense allocation.

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“…Fewer studies have addressed the potential impacts that defoliations around the critical period in corn may have on the dynamics of anthesis, silking, and ASI (Yao et al, 1991). Compensatory growth resulting from higher photosynthetic rates of defoliated vs. undefoliated plants has been recognized by others (Wareing et al, 1968;Briske and Richards, 1995;Collantes et al, 1998). A single defoliation treatment designed to reduce LAI by ?70% was imposed to eight maize genotypes (i.e., four inbred and four commercial hybrids) around 10 d before 50% anthesis.…”

Section: Hail Damage Effects On the Dynamics Of Anthesis Silking Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hail Damage Impacts on Corn Productivity: A Review

et al. 2019

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Hail influence on corn (Zea mays L.) yield depends on defoliation timing and severity. Complete defoliation during early vegetative stages can have minimum yield effects if plants’ growing point is not affected but can generate some delays in the planting to flowering period. Low‐severity defoliations after V10 can reduce yield up to 30%. Higher severities gradually increase yield penalties to a peak around flowering and decrease progressively during the grain‐filling period. Charts to estimate the percentage of corn yield loss due to defoliation developed in the late 1960s are still accurate in most situations but fail to describe particular situations. Defoliation around VT commonly affects time to silking, anthesis–silking interval, and plant growth rate, but not time to anthesis, and is commonly explained by lower kernel number (KN). Defoliation at R2 commonly affects kernel weight (KW), without changing KN. However, several studies showed a reduction in both KW and KN with R2 defoliations. Under low plant disease pressure, fungicides applied around VT do not help reduce any yield defoliation impact. Specific genotypes, row spacing, and hybrid maturity can influence crop yield defoliation responses. More studies are warranted to confirm the potential for narrow rows to reduce yield loss after defoliation.

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Changes in growth and chemical defences upon defoliation in maize

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Secondary metabolites during early development in plants

Secondary metabolites during early development in plants

Cardenolides, induced responses, and interactions between above‐ and belowground herbivores of milkweed (Asclepias spp.)

Hail Damage Impacts on Corn Productivity: A Review

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