Changes in Molecular Characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Clinical Specimens from Children in Beijing between 2003 and 2015

Abstract

The molecular characteristics of 480 Mycoplasma pneumoniae polymerase chain reaction-positive specimens (331 were previously reported and 149 were newly reported) collected from pediatric patients in Beijing, China, between 2003 and 2015 were analyzed. Genotype M4-5-7-2/P1 were the most prevalent across the 13-year study period, although the isolation and mutation rates for this genotype varied between the periods 2003–2007, 2008–2013, and 2014–2015. In addition, there was a close association between the M4-5-7-2 genotype and macrolide resistance.

Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Isolates between 2004 and 2014 in Yamagata, Japan: Change in Molecular Characteristics during an 11-year Period

“…These observations suggest that changes in the proportion of MLVA types are due to a surge of type 3-5-6-2, which may have occurred worldwide except for in China. This and several previous studies demonstrated that most strains of MLVA type 3-5-6-2 were P1 type 2 or its variant, whereas MLVA type 4-5-7-2 was P1 type 1 (9,(11)(12)(13)21,30). Therefore, the increase in MLVA type 3-5-6-2 after 2011 may be a type-shift phenomenon of M. pneumoniae P1 types (7).…”

“…The prevalence of MLVA type 3-5-6-2 was low: ＜ 30 , in Yamagata, Japan (this study); China (9); the United States (20); and Australia (11) until 2010. However, after 2011, the prevalence of MLVA type 3-5-6-2 was ＞ 30 in those countries (the present study, 11,20), Hong Kong (10), and Germany (21) except for China (9). These observations suggest that changes in the proportion of MLVA types are due to a surge of type 3-5-6-2, which may have occurred worldwide except for in China.…”

“…The proportions of MLVA and P1 types were reported to vary among geographic regions, as has the prevalence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations (9)(10)(11)20,21). We also reported P1 types and the prevalence of macrolide resistance-associated mutations of M. pneumoniae isolates in Yamagata, Japan between 2004 and 2013 (22).…”

“…MLVA types 4-5-7-2 and 3-5-6-2 were the predominant types in studies from various geographic regions (9)(10)(11)20,21,23 (20). Additionally, type 4-5-7-2 showed a 30 prevalence in various regions worldwide during a respective study period, including Tokyo, Japan (23); Hong Kong (10); Germany (21); and Australia (11).…”

“…In China, the rates of macrolide resistance-associated mutations were reported to increase with increases in MLVA type 4-5-7-2 strains, suggesting an association between MLVA type and macrolide resistance (9). However, several previous reports found that no correlation exists between MLVA or P1 type and macrolide resistance (6,20).…”