Changes in Neuropil Ultrastructure in Hippocampal Field CA1 in Rat Pups after Application of Hyaluronidase

Kul’chitskii, S. V.; Yakubovich, Natalia; Emel’yanova, A. A.; Garkun, Yu. S.; Pashkevich, S. G.; Кульчицкий, В. А.

doi:10.1007/s11055-009-9162-2

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hyaluronan is a major component of the extracellular matrix in the brain, and contributes to perineuronal net-mediated regulation of neuronal signalling and synaptic plasticity in developmentally mature neurons464748. Herein, we provide new in vitro evidence that cortical neurons express the entire family of HAS enzymes, and produce hyaluronan on multiple structures important for neuronal development and synaptic function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hyaluronan synthesis by developing cortical neurons in vitro

Fowke

Karunasinghe

Bai

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Hyaluronan is a linear glycosaminoglycan that forms the backbone of perineuronal nets around neurons in the cerebral cortex. However, it remains controversial whether neurons are capable of independent hyaluronan synthesis. Herein, we examined the expression of hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthases (HASs) throughout cortical neuron development in vitro. Enriched cultures of cortical neurons were established from E16 rats. Neurons were collected at days in vitro (DIV) 0 (4 h), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 for qPCR or immunocytochemistry. In the relative absence of glia, neurons exhibited HAS1–3 mRNA at all time-points. By immunocytochemistry, puncta of HAS2–3 protein and hyaluronan were located on neuronal cell bodies, neurites, and lamellipodia/growth cones from as early as 4 h in culture. As neurons matured, hyaluronan was also detected on dendrites, filopodia, and axons, and around synapses. Percentages of hyaluronan-positive neurons increased with culture time to ~93% by DIV21, while only half of neurons at DIV21 expressed the perineuronal net marker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin. These data clearly demonstrate that neurons in vitro can independently synthesise hyaluronan throughout all maturational stages, and that hyaluronan production is not limited to neurons expressing perineuronal nets. The specific structural localisation of hyaluronan suggests potential roles in neuronal development and function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hyaluronan synthesis by developing cortical neurons in vitro

Fowke

Karunasinghe

Bai

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…However, a number of studies have suggested that HA within perineuronal nets can influence neuron activity that can be altered by hyaluronidase treatment. For example, the removal of perineuronal nets using hyaluronidase in hippocampal slices from young rats reduced the width of the synaptic cleft and increased the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in CA1 axodendritic connections [ 56 ]. From this and other studies, it is reasonable to conclude that HA-rich perineuronal nets could influence both the efficacy and architecture of synapses.…”

Section: Endogenous Hyaluronidases Influence Cns Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronan Synthesis, Catabolism, and Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Sherman

Matsumoto

et al. 2015

International Journal of Cell Biology

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The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix, has been implicated in regulating neural differentiation, survival, proliferation, migration, and cell signaling in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). HA is found throughout the CNS as a constituent of proteoglycans, especially within perineuronal nets that have been implicated in regulating neuronal activity. HA is also found in the white matter where it is diffusely distributed around astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Insults to the CNS lead to long-term elevation of HA within damaged tissues, which is linked at least in part to increased transcription of HA synthases. HA accumulation is often accompanied by elevated expression of at least some transmembrane HA receptors including CD44. Hyaluronidases that digest high molecular weight HA into smaller fragments are also elevated following CNS insults and can generate HA digestion products that have unique biological activities. A number of studies, for example, suggest that both the removal of high molecular weight HA and the accumulation of hyaluronidase-generated HA digestion products can impact CNS injuries through mechanisms that include the regulation of progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation. These studies, reviewed here, suggest that targeting HA synthesis, catabolism, and signaling are all potential strategies to promote CNS repair.

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“…In another study, hippocampal slices from young rats were treated with hyaluronidase to remove PNNs (120). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ex vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that hyaluronidase treatment dramatically reduced the width of the synaptic cleft and increased the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potentials in CA1 axodendritic connections.…”

Section: Ha and The Developing And Adult Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural stem cell niches: Roles for the hyaluronan-based extracellular matrix

Preston

Sherman²

2011

Front Biosci

145

130

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Neural stem/progenitor cells capable of differentiating into the neurons and glial cells that populate the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) persist in specific neural stem cell niches that regulate stem cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. There is growing evidence that the extracellular matrix within neural stem cell niches is required for neural stem cell maintenance. Here, we review findings supporting a pivotal role for the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) and its transmembrane receptors in neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. We also outline findings supporting changing roles for HA as cells become committed to distinct lineages in the brain and spinal cord.

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Changes in Neuropil Ultrastructure in Hippocampal Field CA1 in Rat Pups after Application of Hyaluronidase

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Hyaluronan synthesis by developing cortical neurons in vitro

Hyaluronan synthesis by developing cortical neurons in vitro

Hyaluronan Synthesis, Catabolism, and Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neural stem cell niches: Roles for the hyaluronan-based extracellular matrix

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