Changes in norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in adrenal gland of the rats submitted to acute immobilization stress

Sanchez, A; Toledo-Pinto, Eliane Aparecida; Menezes, Manoel Lima de; Pereira, Olga

doi:10.1016/s1043-6618(03)00241-x

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This suggests that the animals were not under stress, thereby supporting the lack of FST stress-induced declines in monoamine levels found in this study. Furthermore, forced immobilization stress has been reported to cause an increase in circulating adrenalin levels by stimulating the sympatho-adrenal medullary system [27] , which becomes significant after 30 min, indicating the impor- tance of duration of stress [28] . Likewise, here the absence of changes in adrenalin levels after FST stress may be due to the inadequacy of the commonly used 4-6 min FST stress to stimulate the adrenal medulla and significantly alter adrenalin levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

et al. 2011

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Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level) and hippocampal monoamine levels (markers of depression), plasma adrenalin level (a peripheral marker of stress) as well as fl uoro-jade C staining (a marker of neurodegeneration).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic (7 d) or chronic (14 d) FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment (3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d) were stained with fl uoro-jade C. ResultsThe rats subjected to swimming stress (acute, sub-chronic and chronic) showed long immobility times [(214 ± 5), (220 ± 4) and (231 ± 7) s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fl uoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression (monoamine levels) and internal stress (adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration), hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

et al. 2011

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“…Since macrophages reside in the extravascular space, we found the NE concentration in varying tissues (adrenal gland, kidney, colon, spleen, etc.) is different [25][26][27]. The concentration (2-100 ng/mL) used in our study is generally within the physiologic range in animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequences are available upon request. The virus particles were generated as described in the published protocols [25]. After being concentrated by ultracentrifugation, the virus particles were directly used to transduce peritoneal …”

Section: Generation and Transduction Of Sirna Expressing Lentivirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Norepinephrine Correlates with Macrophage Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Association with XBP-1

Yang¹,

Zhou²,

Zhong

et al. 2011

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…According to Cooper et al (21), 5-HT is produced and released from neurons that originate within the discrete regions, or nuclei, of the brain. The synthesis of serotonin is enhanced in response to a variety of stressors (22) including immobilization stress (23). The turnover and/ or synthesis of 5-HT in the brain are increased in response to physical and psychological stressors (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise-Stress-Induced Brain Neurotransmitter Changes and the Effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn) Treatment in Albino Rats

et al. 2005

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Abstract. In this modern world, stress and pollution are unavoidable phenomena affecting the body system at various levels. A large number of people are exposed to potentially hazardous noise levels in daily modern life, such as noise from work environments, urban traffic, and household appliances. A variety of studies have suggested an association between noise exposure and the occurrence of disorders involving extra-auditory organs such as disorders of the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. In this study, Wistar strain albino rats were subjected to 100 dB broadband white noise, 4 h daily for 15 days. The high-pressure liquid chromatographic estimation of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in discrete regions of the rat brain indicates that noise stress can alter the brain biogenic amines after 15 days of stress exposure. Ocimum sanctum (OS), a medicinal herb that is widely claimed to posses antistressor activity and used extensively in the Indian system of medicine for a variety of disorders, was chosen for this study. Administration of the 70% ethanolic extract of OS had a normalizing action on discrete regions of brain and controlled the alteration in neurotransmitter levels due to noise stress, emphasizing the antistressor potential of this plant.

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Changes in norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations in adrenal gland of the rats submitted to acute immobilization stress

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

Exogenous Norepinephrine Correlates with Macrophage Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Association with XBP-1

Noise-Stress-Induced Brain Neurotransmitter Changes and the Effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn) Treatment in Albino Rats

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