Changes in pathogenesis-related proteins in pepper plants with regard to biological control of phytophthora blight with Paenibacillus illinoisensis

Abstract

To evaluate the biocontrol effectiveness of chitinase-producing bacterium, Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain KJA-424 against pathogenic strain of Phytophthora capsici in pepper plants, growth response and kinetics of pathogen related (PR) proteins were estimated after inoculation with P. capsici (P), and with a combination of P. capsici and strain KJA-424 cell culture (P+A). Fresh weight and chlorophyll content in shoots at P+A-treated plants significantly increased by 23.4 and 34.2%, respectively after 7 days of inoculation, compared to P-treated plants. Root mortality in P+A-treated plants was significantly reduced compared to P-treated plants. Seven days after inoculation, the activities of b-1,3-glucanase, cellulase and chitinase in P-treated roots had decreased by 54.8, 36.5 and 52.8%, respectively, compared to P+A-treated roots, while those in P-treated leaves increased by 22.8, 36.3 and 23.8%, respectively, compared to those in P+A-treated leaves. The activities of b-1,3-glucanase, cellulase and chitinase in roots are negatively correlated with root mortality. All these results suggest that the inoculation of an antagonist, P. illinoisensis alleviates root mortality, reduction of PR proteins in roots, and activates of PR proteins in leaves infected by P. capsici.

Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces griseus H7602 Against Root Rot Disease (Phytophthora capsici) in Pepper

“…Promotion of these enzymes in pepper roots and soils as the result of H7602 colonization could play a role in bioprotection against P. capsici. This is consistent with previous findings by Jung et al (2005) who reported that the activities of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in Paenibacillus illinoisensis and P. capsici treated roots had increased by 54.8, and 52.8%, respectively, compared to P. capsici treated roots at seven days after inoculation. Yedidia et al (2000) reported that cucumber roots treated with T. harzianum T-203 exhibited higher activities of chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14), β-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) up to 72 h post-inoculation compared to untreated control in cucumber.…”

Survival of Bemisia tabaci and activity of plant defense-related enzymes in genotypes of Capsicum annuum L.

“…The supernatant was collected, mixed with 1 mL of Schales' reagent (0.5 M sodium carbonate + 1.5 mM potassium ferricyanide) and heated in boiling water for 15 min. After removal from boiling water, the mixture was cooled at 4 °C for 5 min (Jung et al, 2005). The absorbance was immediately measured at 420 nm using a spectrophotometer Genesys 10 UV-VIS.…”

Characterization of antifungal Paenibacillus illinoisensis strain UKCH21 and its chitinolytic properties

“…The high levels of enzyme production depicts potential degradation of chitin, in view of which, the isolate was selected to study its antagonistic potential and further identification of chitinases. Studies reported a number of Paenibacillus species with potential applications in biological control of variety of plant pathogenic bacteria (Budi et al, 2000;von der Weid et al, 2003;Lorentz et al, 2006;Fortes et al, 2008), fungi (Naing et al, 2015;Xu et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2008;von der Weid et al, 2003;Jung et al, 2003Jung et al, , 2005Jung et al, , 2006 and even nematodes (Jung et al, 2002). This biocidal activity of Paenibacillus species was supported by production of antibiotics, hydrolytic enzyme etc (Chung et al, 2000;Velázquez et al, 2004;Lorentz et al, 2006).…”

“…Despite the number of Paenibacillus species, in particular, only minimal studies reported antagonistic potential of P. illinoisensis. For example P. illinoisensis KJA-424 against e e Phytophthora capsici (Jung et al, 2005;Jung et al, 2006), Rhizoctonia solani (Jung et al, 2003) and Meloidogyne incognita (Jung et al, 2002). Partial sequencing of chitinase gene from the isolate UKCH21 resulted in 373 bp nucleotide sequence (accession no.…”