Changes in peripheral blood natural killer T cells in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients and efficacy prediction after pegylated interferon therapy

Huang, Feizhou; Lu, Min-qiang; Gong, Huan‐Yu; Xiong, Zeng

doi:10.4238/2015.may.11.26

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…İnterferonlar doğal protein olup bakteri, virüs, parazit ve tümör hücrelerine karşı cevap olarak immün sistem hücreleri tarafından oluşturulurlar. Günümüzde multipl skleroz, kronik hepatit B ve hepatit C tedavisinde kullanımı mevcuttur (13)(14)(15). İnterferonların nöropsikiyatrik yan etkileri olarak majör depresyon başta olmak üzere, huzursuzluk, anksiyete, duygusal dalgalanmalar, saldırganlık, duygu durum değişiklikleri ve panik atak bildirilmiştir (16).…”

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Our Cases of Secondary Narcolepsy with Three Different Etiology: Review of the Literature

Savrun¹,

Demir²,

Sıvacı³

et al. 2015

jtsm

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Narkolepsi çekirdek semptomlar olarak karşı konulmaz gündüz uykululuk hali, katapleksi, bunlara eşlik eden hipnogojik/ hipopompik halüsinasyonlar ve uyku paralizisi ile karakterize santral hipersomnolans grubunda yer alan nörolojik bir hastalıktır (1). Uyku ataklarının en önemli özelliği, hastanın günlük işleri sırasında aniden ortaya çıkması, 10-20 dakika kadar sürmesi, uykunun dinlendirici karakterde olması fakat atağı takip eden 2-3 saat içinde hastanın tekrar karşı konulamaz uyku isteği duymasıdır. Narkolepsi için güncel sınıflama değişmiş olup artık katapleksili ve katapleksisiz narkolepsi yerine tip 1 ve tip 2 narkolepsi şeklinde sınıflandırılması önerilmektedir (2). Amerika Birleşik Devletleri kaynaklı çalışmalarda narkolepsinin uyku apne sendromu ve huzursuz bacaklar sendromundan sonra üçüncü sırada en sık görülen uyku bozukluğu olduğu ortaya konulmuştur (3). Ülkeler ve etnik gruplar arasında farklılık gösterse de narkolepsi prevalansı %0,03 ile %0,1 oranları arasında değiştiği bildirilmektedir. Erken çocukluk ve beşinci dekadda yaşlarda Narcolepsy is neurological disorder classified among central hypersomnolences group and characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, associated symptoms like hypnogogic/ hypnopompic hallucinations and sleep paralysis. It is divided into two types on the basis of accompanying cataplexy. In the pathophysiology of this disorder, which is accused an autoimmune process, hypocretin deficiency in the hypothalamus was shown. Narcolepsy is often seen as a primary disease in young population but may also occur with other disorders like cerebrovascular diseases, intracranial tumors, encephalitis, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis or after head trauma, infections, and vaccines; in which the disease is accepted as secondary narcolepsy. In this case report, patients presenting with excessive daytime sleepiness and diagnosed as having secondary narcolepsy due to medical causes, and who have Parkinson's disease (PD), history of interferon use and hypothalamic involvement associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) were reported. Daytime sleepiness complaints should be well questioned in organic pathologies related with hypothalamus-pituitary system such as PD and similar diseases or in patients with history of drug use and secondary narcolepsy should be beared in mind.

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Our Cases of Secondary Narcolepsy with Three Different Etiology: Review of the Literature

Savrun¹,

Demir²,

Sıvacı³

et al. 2015

jtsm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Innate immune targets of hepatitis B virus infection

Zou

Wang

et al. 2016

WJH

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Approximately 400 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) globally despite the widespread immunization of HBV vaccine and the development of antiviral therapies. The immunopathogenesis of HBV infection is initiated and driven by complexed interactions between the host immune system and the virus. Host immune responses to viral particles and proteins are regarded as the main determinants of viral clearance or persistent infection and hepatocyte injury. Innate immune system is the first defending line of host preventing from virus invasion. It is acknowledged that HBV has developed active tactics to escape innate immune recognition or actively interfere with innate immune signaling pathways and induce immunosuppression, which favor their replication. HBV reduces the expression of pattern-recognition receptors in the innate immune cells in humans. Also, HBV may interrupt different parts of antiviral signaling pathways, leading to the reduced production of antiviral cytokines such as interferons that contribute to HBV immunopathogenesis. A full comprehension of the mechanisms as to how HBV inactivates various elements of the innate immune response to initiate and maintain a persistent infection can be helpful in designing new immunotherapeutic methods for preventing and eradicating the virus. In this review, we aimed to summarize different branches the innate immune targeted by HBV infection. The review paper provides evidence that multiple components of immune responses should be activated in combination with antiviral therapy to disrupt the tolerance to HBV for eliminating HBV infection.

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Changes in peripheral blood natural killer T cells in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients and efficacy prediction after pegylated interferon therapy

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Our Cases of Secondary Narcolepsy with Three Different Etiology: Review of the Literature

Our Cases of Secondary Narcolepsy with Three Different Etiology: Review of the Literature

Innate immune targets of hepatitis B virus infection

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