Changes in plasma fatty acids and related biomarkers during transition to an exclusively plant- and fish-based diet in healthy adults

Alshahawy, Rasha; Habachi, Nihal El; Allam, Eman; Jernerén, Fredrik; Refsum, Helga; Elshorbagy, Amany K.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111306

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In particular, lipid fractions showed very differentiated deviations, which could be an influencing factor for both namely increased and reduced metabolites, such as phospholipids, glycerophosphocholines, eicosanoids, or bile acids. Accordingly, in addition to physiological adaptations, this can also be an explanation for the different concentrations [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation

et al. 2022

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Endurance training induces several adaptations in substrate metabolism, especially in relation to glycogen conservation. The study aimed to investigate differences in the metabolism of lipids, lipid-like substances, and amino acids between highly trained and untrained subjects using targeted metabolomics. Depending on their maximum relative oxygen uptake (VO2max), subjects were categorized as either endurance-trained (ET) or untrained (UT). Resting blood was taken and plasma isolated. It was screened for changes of 345 metabolites, including amino acids and biogenic amines, acylcarnitines, glycerophosphocholines (GPCs), sphingolipids, hexoses, bile acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Acylcarnitine (C14:1, down in ET) and five GPCs (lysoPC a C18:2, up in ET; PC aa C42:0, up in ET; PC ae C38:2, up in ET; PC aa C38:5, down in ET; lysoPC a C26:0, down in ET) were differently regulated in ET compared to UT. TCDCA was down-regulated in athletes, while for three ratios of bile acids CA/CDCA, CA/(GCA+TCA), and DCA/(GDCA+TDCA) an up-regulation was found. TXB2 and 5,6-EET were down-regulated in the ET group and 18S-HEPE, a PUFA, showed higher levels in 18S-HEPE in endurance-trained subjects. For PC ae C38:2, TCDCA, and the ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid, an association with VO2max was found. Numerous phospholipids, acylcarnitines, glycerophosphocholines, bile acids, and PUFAs are present in varying concentrations at rest in ET. These results might represent an adaptation of lipid metabolism and account for the lowered cardiovascular risk profile of endurance athletes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained Endurance Training Leads to Metabolomic Adaptation

et al. 2022

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“…The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University (IRB code:00012098, FWA no:0001869, Serial no:0201071). Population characteristics and plasma fatty acid and amino acid biomarker profile were reported previously (Elshorbagy et al 2017;Alshahawy et al 2021). Briefly, this was a predominantly sedentary young adult population.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular cystine influences human preadipocyte differentiation and correlates with fat mass in healthy adults

et al. 2021

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Plasma cysteine is associated with human obesity, but it is unknown whether this is mediated by reduced, disulfide (cystine and mixed-disulfides) or protein-bound (bCys) fractions. We investigated which cysteine fractions are associated with adiposity in vivo and if a relevant fraction influences human adipogenesis in vitro. In the current study, plasma cysteine fractions were correlated with body fat mass in 35 adults. Strong positive correlations with fat mass were observed for cystine and mixed disulfides (r ≥ 0.61, P < 0.001), but not the quantitatively major form, bCys. Primary human preadipocytes were differentiated in media containing cystine concentrations varying from 10–50 μM, a range similar to that in plasma. Increasing extracellular cystine (10–50 μM) enhanced mRNA expression of PPARG2 (to sixfold), PPARG1, PLIN1, SCD1 and CDO1 (P = 0.042– < 0.001). Adipocyte lipid accumulation and lipid-droplet size showed dose-dependent increases from lowest to highest cystine concentrations (P < 0.001), and the malonedialdehyde/total antioxidant capacity increased, suggesting increased oxidative stress. In conclusion, increased cystine concentrations, within the physiological range, are positively associated with both fat mass in healthy adults and human adipogenic differentiation in vitro. The potential role of cystine as a modifiable factor regulating human adipocyte turnover and metabolism deserves further study.

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