Changes in plasma lipids and markers of oxidative stress in normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by diabetes

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine changes in plasma lipids and markers of oxidative stress longitudinally in pregnancy complicated by diabetes compared with non-diabetic pregnancy. This was carried out by following a group of normal pregnant women (n=17) and groups of pregnant women with Type I diabetes (n=19), Type II diabetes (n=12) and gestational diabetes mellitus (n=12) throughout pregnancy, with sampling carried out at the end of each trimester. Serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerols (triglycerides) were determined using standard colorimetric techniques and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction profile by disc PAGE. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined by enhanced chemiluminescence and lipid hydroperoxides by the ferrous oxidation of Xylenol Orange method. Total cholesterol and triacylglycerols increased significantly throughout pregnancy in all groups, but there were no significant differences between normal and diabetic women with respect to either. The LDL score was significantly higher (P<0.001) in diabetic women compared with normal women at each point throughout pregnancy, although there were no significant differences between the diabetic groups. There was evidence of greater oxidative stress in diabetic compared with normal women throughout. Corrected TAC was significantly lower (P<0.001) in all diabetic women throughout pregnancy. In addition, lipid hydroperoxides were higher in all diabetic compared with normal women, particularly so in those with Type II diabetes (P<0.05). These changes may have important implications for diabetic women during pregnancy, as an elevated risk of pre-eclampsia is thought to reflect an oxidative stress-related mechanism. In addition, these changes may have important implications for the development of atherosclerosis and the long-term cardiovascular health of women with diabetes.

Normalizing Metabolism in Diabetic Pregnancy: Is It Time to Target Lipids?

“…Studies have shown higher free fatty acid levels compared with normal pregnancy (14) and higher triglyceride and lower HDL-C levels in the first trimester when compared with women with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy (15), or no difference in any lipoprotein compared with either type 1 diabetes or GDM (16). However, ,80 women with type 2 diabetes were included in these reports.…”

Urinary biopyrrin as a possible oxidative stress marker during pregnancy

“…, 2000 Moller, 1996 , 2000Yoshida, 2001, 2000, 2000Hubel, 1996 Barton, 1999 Toescu, 2004E C Chappell, 1999μmol/gCre , 2003Stocker 1987E 24G7 Shimizu, 1988Yamaguchi, 1994Shimoharada, 1998Shimomura, 2002Yamaguchi, 2002, 1997 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale Hubel CA, McLaughlin KM, et al (1996). Fasting serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, and malondialdehyde are increased in preeclampsia, are positively correlated,…”

Nitrative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in healthy and gestational diabetic pregnancies

“…It has been shown that oxidative stress increases during the course of pregnancy [6,7,21,22]. Toescu and colleagues [6] found that plasma hydroperoxides increases from trimester to trimester. However, they measured this variable only at the 12th, 24th and 36th weeks, so they could not determine the No correlation was found.…”

“…It was shown previously that an increase in oxidative stress may be observed during the normal course of pregnancy [6]. High levels of oxidative stress at term deliveries may contribute to the initiation of labour or may be a result of this process [7].…”