Changes in prevalence and incidence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual infections in urban areas of Bissau, Guinea-Bissau: is HIV-2 disappearing?

Silva, Zacarias J da; Oliveira, Isabel; Andersen, Andreas; Dias, Francisco; Rodrigues, Amabélia; Holmgren, Birgitta; Andersson, Sören; Aaby, Péter

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e328300a33d

Cited by 139 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…11,12,22 In a recent study, Schmidt et al used a mathematical model to evaluate the putative role of temporary changes in sexual behaviour and the competitive role of HIV-1 as a factor determining HIV-2 decline. 24 Assuming that the competitive reduction induced by HIV-1 was 30%, the prevalence of HIV-2 in women aging less then 45 years should have been about 3% in 2005 and 2.5% in 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in pregnant women in Bissau

Gianelli

Riva

Bravo

et al. 2010

Journal of Infection

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Summary Objectives: To analyse the risk determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in pregnant women in Bissau. Methods: Pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics of Bissau between January 2002 and June 2006 were consecutively tested unless they opted out. Results: Among 23,869 tested women the overall prevalence of HIV-1 was 5.7%, that of HIV-2 was 2.4%, and these included the 0.7% prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 duals. The main factors associated with the risk of HIV-1 infection were older age, occupation and number of sexual partners. Beafada and Mandinga ethnic groups were at greater risk of presenting HIV-1, and Bijago and Papel at lower risk. The factors associated with the risk of HIV-2 were age, literacy and occupation; the Beafada were at greater risk than the other ethnic groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV-2 infection decreased overtime, whereas that of HIV-1 infection remained substantially stable, but was higher than that observed in previous studies. The rapid decline in the rates of HIV-2 infection suggests that many of the factors that allowed its exponential growth in the past have now been partially removed, and that sexual and vertical transmission have not been sufficient to maintain and extend the epidemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in pregnant women in Bissau

Gianelli

Riva

Bravo

et al. 2010

Journal of Infection

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“…The study participants resided in three adjacent suburban districts, Bandim 1, Bandim 2, and Belem, in Bissau, Guinea Bissau. They were part of general population cohorts of adult individuals that have been followed for retroviral infections since 1987 within the framework of the Bandim Health project (15,26,37,38). The last serosurvey of HIV infection took place from 2004 to 2006 (15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were part of general population cohorts of adult individuals that have been followed for retroviral infections since 1987 within the framework of the Bandim Health project (15,26,37,38). The last serosurvey of HIV infection took place from 2004 to 2006 (15). It comprised 2,548 individuals in 384 randomly selected houses; the number of houses represented a 10% sample of the total number of houses in the study area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hereas human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is spread globally, HIV-2 is mainly confined to West Africa, with the highest prevalence being in the general population of Guinea-Bissau (15,37). It has been proposed that the spread of HIV-2 in this region may have been facilitated by the colonial wars in the 1960s and 1970s (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proposed that the spread of HIV-2 in this region may have been facilitated by the colonial wars in the 1960s and 1970s (28). Today, the HIV-2 epidemic seems to be contained or even decreasing, while HIV-1 is spreading rapidly (15,29).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Potent Intratype Neutralizing Activity Distinguishes Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) from HIV-1

Şahin

Holmgren

Silva

et al. 2012

J Virol

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HIV-2 has a lower pathogenicity and transmission rate than HIV-1. Neutralizing antibodies could be contributing to these observations. Here we explored side by side the potency and breadth of intratype and intertype neutralizing activity (NAc) in plasma of 20 HIV-1-, 20 HIV-2-, and 11 dually HIV-1/2 (HIV-D)-seropositive individuals from Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Panels of primary isolates, five HIV-1 and five HIV-2 isolates, were tested in a plaque reduction assay using U87.CD4-CCR5 cells as targets. Intratype NAc in HIV-2 plasma was found to be considerably more potent and also broader than intratype NAc in HIV-1 plasma. This indicates that HIV-2-infected individuals display potent type-specific neutralizing antibodies, whereas such strong type-specific antibodies are absent in HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, the potency of intratype NAc was positively associated with the viral load of HIV-1 but not HIV-2, suggesting that NAc in HIV-1 infection is more antigen stimulation dependent than in HIV-2 infection, where plasma viral loads typically are at least 10-fold lower than in HIV-1 infection. Intertype NAc of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections was, instead, of low potency. HIV-D subjects had NAc to HIV-2 with similar high potency as singly HIV-2-infected individuals, whereas neutralization of HIV-1 remained poor, indicating that the difference in NAc between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections depends on the virus itself. We suggest that immunogenicity and/or antigenicity, meaning the neutralization phenotype, of HIV-2 is distinct from that of HIV-1 and that HIV-2 may display structures that favor triggering of potent neutralizing antibody responses.

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Comment on Gautheret‐Dejean et al.: Performance of rapid tests for discrimination between HIV‐1 and/or HIV‐2 infections

Hønge

Jespersen

Mendes

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Virology

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Changes in prevalence and incidence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual infections in urban areas of Bissau, Guinea-Bissau: is HIV-2 disappearing?

Abstract: The present study shows an increasing prevalence of HIV-1 and a decreasing prevalence of HIV-2 in Guinea-Bissau. HIV is generally a bigger problem for women. Despite the general decline in prevalence, HIV-2 may continue as an infection in older people, especially women.

Cited by 139 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence and risk determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in pregnant women in Bissau

Prevalence and risk determinants of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in pregnant women in Bissau

Potent Intratype Neutralizing Activity Distinguishes Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) from HIV-1

Comment on Gautheret‐Dejean et al.: Performance of rapid tests for discrimination between HIV‐1 and/or HIV‐2 infections

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