Changes in Pyrenean woodlands as a result of the intensity of human exploitation: 2,000 years of metallurgy in Vallferrera, northeast Iberian Peninsula

Mañosa, Albert Pèlachs; Nadal, J.; Soriano, Joan Manuel; Molina, David; Cunill, Raquel

doi:10.1007/s00334-009-0218-6

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Soil factors, PAR values and herbaceous cover were compared between KP and CP using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, due to the violation of assumptions of normality and homogeneity of the variance ("wilcox.test" function). Differences in woody species composition of the UVL between KP and CP in each forest type were assessed using the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) based on the cover-weighted Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index ("metaMDS" function of the "vegan" package - Oksanen et al 2015). Significance of the differences were tested by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) using the "adonis" function with 999 permutations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significance of the differences were tested by permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) using the "adonis" function with 999 permutations. To verify that such differences were related to the effect of the factor kiln/control (i.e., to dissimilarities in composition between kiln and control plots) and not to a dispersion effect (i.e., dissimilarities within each of the two plot types), we tested for multivariate homogeneity of dispersion using the "betadisper" function, a multivariate analogue of the Levene's test for homogeneity of variances (Anderson 2001, Oksanen et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Former charcoal platforms in Mediterranean forest areas: a hostile microhabitat for the recolonization by woody species

Carrari¹,

Ampoorter²,

Verheyen³

et al. 2017

iForest

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Production of wood charcoal is a traditional form of forest use that lasted for millennia in the Mediterranean countries. Following their almost complete abandonment in the last century, thousands of old charcoal platforms remain in present-day forest landscapes. These sites are characterized by peculiar ecological conditions, whose effects on the recolonization by woody plants are still unknown. We examined 61 platforms in evergreen sclerophyllous woodlands and deciduous broadleaf forests with oaks and beech, spread over a wide geographic range in Tuscany (Italy). At each site, one kiln plot (on charcoal platform) and one control plot (in the adjacent stand) were established, and soil, light conditions and herb cover were measured. We examined species richness and composition of trees and shrubs in the understorey layer (<1.3 m) and in the "established regeneration" layer (> 1.3-4 m). In the latter, structural parameters such as number of stools, dbh, mean height and number of stems were compared. The density of seedlings of dominant tree species in the understorey was also measured in a subsample of sites per forest type. In the understorey, a general positive effect of kiln platforms was found on species richness at both the habitat and plot-scale level, as well as on species composition, especially in oak forests. Increased light availability, total C content and soil pH were positively related with species richness, while N content was a negative predictor. Density of seedlings was not substantially affected. Contrastingly, woody species richness in the established regeneration layer was considerably lower in the kiln plots of all three forest types. In sclerophyllous forests, all species in this layer were taller, denser and with a higher basal area compared to control plots, while regeneration was completely lacking on platforms of the two other forest types. Soil N content had a positive influence on structural parameters, while total C content resulting from charcoal accumulation had a negative influence. We conclude that charcoal platforms are a favorable microhabitat only in the first regeneration stages of woody species, as their further growth is hindered by long-term effects that should be investigated with an experimental approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Former charcoal platforms in Mediterranean forest areas: a hostile microhabitat for the recolonization by woody species

Carrari¹,

Ampoorter²,

Verheyen³

et al. 2017

iForest

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“…However, despite the very recent advances in palynological and geochemical studies, especially those covering the last 2,000 years (e.g. Ej arque et al 2009Ej arque et al , 2010Pélachs et al 2009;Bal et al 2011;Rull et al 2011), knowledge of the vegetation history of the southern slopes is still limited. During the Holocene, mountain pines would have been more strongly dominant in the central part of the Pyrenees than on the flanks of the range, reflecting the continental/oceanic gradient that is also found in Iberia and in the current distribution of the forests (Costa et al 1997;Rubiales et al 2010).…”

Section: Responses Of Highland Pines To Fire and Anthropogenic Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Negative responses of highland pines to anthropogenic activities in inland Spain: a palaeoecological perspective

Rubiales

Morales‐Molino

Álvarez

et al. 2011

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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Palaeoecological evidence indicates that highland pines were dominant in extensive areas of the mountains of Central and Northern Iberia during the first half of the Holocene. However, following several millennia of anthropogenic pressure, their natural ranges are now severely reduced. Although pines have been frequently viewed as first-stage successional species responding positively to human disturbance, some recent palaeobotanical work has proposed fire disturbance and human deforestation as the main drivers of this vegetation turnover. To assess the strength of the evidence for this hypothesis and to identify other possible explanations for this scenario, we review the available information on past vegetation change in the mountains of northern inland Iberia. We have chosen data from several sites that offer good chronological control, including palynological records with microscopic charcoal data and sites with plant macro-and megafossil occurrence. We conclude that although the available longterm data are still fragmentary and that new methods are needed for a better understanding of the ecological history of Iberia, fire events and human activities (probably

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“…Ello es consecuencia de la explotación realmente intensiva de una amplia gama de recursos. Se detecta un incremento en la minería (Gassiot et al 2005b;Augé et al 2012) agrícola y ganadera (Esteban 2003;Pèlachs 2005;Pèlachs et al 2009). No es de extrañar que justamente en este período se observe un aumento exponencial del número de yacimientos arqueológicos en abrigos y al aire libre, en toda el área estudiada .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Se ha prestado especial atención a los procesos de colonización postglacial de estos espacios, a la introducción de prác-ticas ganaderas (Galop et al 2007) e, hipotética-mente, también agrícolas (Galop et al 2003;Galop 2006;Miras et al 2007;Pèlachs et al 2007) y a su evolución. Además se han estudiado actividades complementarias como la minería, la producción de carbón y la extracción de madera (Gassiot et al 2005b;Celma 2009;Pèlachs et al 2009;Euba 2010;Augé et al 2012), así como las relaciones de las comunidades humanas de ámbi-tos de montaña con las de otras áreas geográficas (Ruiz Zapatero 1995; Gassiot et al 2005a;Gassiot et al 2012a).…”

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La alta montaña durante la Prehistoria: 10 años de investigación en el Pirineo catalán occidental

Ballbè¹,

Antón²,

Mañosa³

et al. 2014

Trab. prehist.

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Changes in Pyrenean woodlands as a result of the intensity of human exploitation: 2,000 years of metallurgy in Vallferrera, northeast Iberian Peninsula

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Former charcoal platforms in Mediterranean forest areas: a hostile microhabitat for the recolonization by woody species

Former charcoal platforms in Mediterranean forest areas: a hostile microhabitat for the recolonization by woody species

Negative responses of highland pines to anthropogenic activities in inland Spain: a palaeoecological perspective

La alta montaña durante la Prehistoria: 10 años de investigación en el Pirineo catalán occidental

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