Changes in serum transaminases, SDH and liver morphology after treatment with trypanocidal diamidines in mice

Comparison of the Effects of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Heparin and Fondaparinux on Liver Function in Patients With Pulmonary Embolism

“…However, Wang et al and Zhou and Chen showed that 7 patients who presented with elevated levels of AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP without accompanying symptoms during the treatment of nadroparin calcium gradually restored their normal liver function after cessation of the drug 15,16 . The hepatotoxicity of fondaparinux sodium is characterized by elevated ALT/AST levels, rare elevation of bilirubin, and mostly without clinical symptoms, which could return to normal spontaneously 17 . However, Orostegui et al 18 noticed that a child developed nausea and vomiting with increased AST, ALT, and GGT after a 2‐day administration of fondaparinux sodium for upper limb thrombosis, and the liver function returned to normal after adjustment to enoxaparin sodium.…”

Influence of Pentamidine and Two New Trypanocidal Agents (DAPI, DIPI) on Liver Metabolism of Mice

“…The decrease of the serum insulin may also contribute to the hyperglycaemia, but there are probably further hitherto unknown reasons. LDH-leakage and loss of viability in isolated hepatocytes or accumulation of lipids in mouse livers in vivo (Sippel & Estler 1990;Sippel & Steinmann 1988;Steinmann et al 1985). Presently it is not known, in which way the inhibition of the glycolytic pathway is achieved.…”

“…The mitochondrial dysfunction and interference with the oxidative energy yielding processes may be of special importance and the cause for the cytotoxic effects of the diamidino compounds, e.g. LDH-leakage and loss of viability in isolated hepatocytes or accumulation of lipids in mouse livers in vivo (Sippel & Estler 1990;Sippel & Steinmann 1988;Steinmann et al 1985). According to Mori (1983) the secretion of triglycerides from the liver is an energy requiring process.…”

“…hypotension (Findlay 1950;Gutteridge 1985;Steinmann et al 1986) and hypoand hyper-glycaemia (Barta et al 1974;Bouchard et al 1982;Ganda 1984;Grant et al 1977;Murdoch & Keystone 1983;Western et al 1970). In previous studies in mice we have shown that pentamidine also leads to a transient rise of serum GOT and GPT but not SDH and to discrete morphological changes in the liver (Steinmann et al 1985). In isolated hepatocytes pentamidine causes a leakage of LDH (Sippel & Estler 1990).…”

“…In view of the reports on side effects of pentamidine and the more recent results from our laboratory that pentamidine interferes with liver functions (Sippel & Estler 1990;Steinmann et al 1985) we investigated the influence of pentamidine on some parameters of the hepatic carbohydrate, lipid and energy metabolism in order to get some insight into the mode of action of its hepatotoxic effects. For comparison two structurally related compounds ( fig.…”