Changes in streamflow and sediment load in the catchments of the Loess Plateau, China: a review

Zheng, 宁珍 Ning; Guangyao, 高光耀 Gao; Bojie, 傅伯杰 Fu

doi:10.5846/stxb201909121903

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The conversion from cultivated land to forestland, scrub, or grassland (41,42,43) amounts to 5017.46 km 2 , with 3766.44 km 2 converted to grassland. Conversely, a total of 361.73 km 2 was converted from forestland, scrub, and grassland to cultivated land (14,24,34), indicating that there was a larger area of cultivated land being transformed into other types of land use compared with the opposite direction. Figure 3 illustrates the direction of the land-use type conversion across the basin in each landform type area.…”

Section: Analysis Of Land-use Change Tupu Process Between 1975 and 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 1970 to the late 1990s, the government mainly carried out the comprehensive management of small watersheds and the construction of Three-North shelterbelts. After 2000, environmental governance focused on the projects of "Grain for Green" [14,15]. After years of environmental restoration, the overall vegetation cover area has increased, the sediment entering the Yellow River has reduced, and the land-use structure has also changed dramatically [13,[16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spatial distribution of LUT features after classification in the Beiluo River Basin. Note: This figure is grouped according to the LUT features in four stages in the Beiluo River Basin, in which "Re-forestation" includes (21, 31, 31, 41, 51, 52, 61, 62, 71, 72, 73); "De-forestation" includes(14, 17); "Degradation" includes(12,13,16,23,26,27,36,37,46, 47,57,63,67); "Urbanisation" includes(15,25,35,45,65, 75); "Land rehabilitation" includes(24,34,54,64,74); and "Land abandonment" includes(42,43,53).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China Necessitates Targeted Management Strategy: Evidence from the Beiluo River Basin

Xing,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Forests

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Vegetation on the Loess Plateau, China, has continuously improved thanks to certain ecological restoration (ER) strategies, including the integrated soil conservation project that began in the late 1970s and the “Grain for Green” project that began in the 1990s. The experience of these strategies in different geomorphological regions is of great value to ER worldwide. In this study, the evolution of the land-use transition (LUT) pathway and ecosystem service value (ESV) in four geomorphological regions of the Beiluo River Basin was analyzed using geo-informatic Tupu and the equivalent factor method with data from 1975 to 2015. The results indicated that, from 1975 to 2015, the proportion of forestland in the Beiluo River basin increased by 18.27%, while the areas of shrub, grassland, cultivated land, and water decreased by 1.03%, 0.16%, 18.23%, and 0.26%, respectively. In the past 40 years, the overall ESV of the basin increased by USD 3.209 billion (54.16%). The landform, vegetation cover, LUT, and ESV analysis indicated that the main ecological functions of the loess hilly and gully (LHG), loess plateau gully (LPG), rocky mountain (RM), and terrace and plain (TP) regions are soil and water conservation (SWC), SWC and food production, regulation and food production, respectively. ER projects enhanced the main ecological function of individual regions. In detail, the transition of “cultivated land → grassland” enhanced SWC function in the LHG region, and the transition of “grassland (shrub) → forestland” enhanced the regulating services of the RM and LPG regions. Moreover, the transition of “cultivated land to grassland” did not seriously lower the food production services of the TP and LPG regions, owing to the increase in grain yield per unit area. However, there were alternating transitions between cultivated land and ecological land types, implying a game between the peasant households’ demands and the ER strategies. Conflicting demands between local households and the public necessitate precision ER strategies, including land planning, ecological compensation, training and employment for local residents, etc.

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Section: Analysis Of Land-use Change Tupu Process Between 1975 and 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China Necessitates Targeted Management Strategy: Evidence from the Beiluo River Basin

Xing,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…These measures have made considerable impacts and have reduced sediment exported from the LP to the Yellow River by 2.24 × 10 8 t year −1 in 1996, as compared to the sediment yield in 1970 [32]. The vegetation measures have increased total vegetation cover from 56% in 2000 to 76.8% in 2017 [33] and have been suggested as the main underlying surface factors affecting water and sediment changes in the LP [34]. Moreover, with the improvement in vegetation structure, the improvement in rainfall interception and soil infiltration by vegetation measures will become more and more significant [31], which will have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle of the LP area in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vegetation Restoration on the Hydrological Regimes of the Chinese Loess Plateau: A Comparative Analysis of Forested and Less-Forested Catchments

Wang

Lou

et al. 2023

Forests

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Large-scale vegetation restoration can significantly affect catchment hydrology. Assessing the impact of vegetation restoration on hydrological regimes is important for water resource management. We chose three less-forested catchments (LFCs, forested area <30%) undergoing major vegetation restoration, i.e., Wuqi, Zhidan, and Liujiahe, and two forested reference catchments (FCs, forested area >77%) that have had secondary forests for more than 150 years, i.e., Zhangcunyi and Huangling, of the Beiluo River basin located in the Loess Plateau (LP) to compare and analyze the stationary and variation characteristics of streamflow and its components from 1958 to 2019. Results show that the mean annual streamflows were 25.07~34.21 and 21.62~48.02 mm in the LFCs and FCs, respectively. The mean streamflow in the LFCs decreased by 50% on average from before the year 2000 to after. The decreasing trend of high flows and increasing trend of low flows is represented in the daily flow duration curves of the LFCs. The result of baseflow separation shows that the average percentages of baseflow in the streamflow were 31.89~43.36% in the LFCs and 58.23~60.14% in the FCs. The Mann–Kendall tests showed significant decreasing trends in annual streamflow (−0.27~−0.70 mm/a) and stormflow (−0.29~−0.64 mm/a) in the LFCs from 1958 to 2019, while the baseflow exhibited increasing trends except for in the Zhidan catchment. The seasonal streamflow and stormflow showed significant decreasing trends in the summer and non-flood season, while the winter and non-flood season’s baseflow increased in LFCs. In FCs, however, the streamflow and its components showed only slight fluctuations over the study period in annual trends, decadal variability, and seasonal trends over the study period, suggesting that FCs have stable hydrological regimes. These results indicate that 20 years of large-scale vegetation restoration greatly influenced hydrological regimes by reducing stormflow and increasing baseflow, and played an important role in streamflow regulation. Conversely, areas with well-preserved vegetation can effectively mitigate the effects of weather and other factors on runoff with stable hydrological regimes. This study can help vegetation restoration and water resource management on the LP.

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Changes in streamflow and sediment load in the catchments of the Loess Plateau, China: a review

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China Necessitates Targeted Management Strategy: Evidence from the Beiluo River Basin

Ecological Restoration in the Loess Plateau, China Necessitates Targeted Management Strategy: Evidence from the Beiluo River Basin

Effects of Vegetation Restoration on the Hydrological Regimes of the Chinese Loess Plateau: A Comparative Analysis of Forested and Less-Forested Catchments

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