Changes in Stress and Appetite Responses in Male Power-Trained Athletes during Intensive Training Camp

Abstract

An intensive consecutive high-volume training camp may induce appetite loss in athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in stress and appetite responses in male power-trained athletes during an intensive training camp. The measurements at Day 2 and at the end of a 9-day intensive training camp (Camp1 and Camp2, respectively) were compared with those of the resting period (Rest) and the regular training period (Regular; n = 13). The stress state was assessed based on plasma cortisol level, salivary immunoglobulin A level, and a profile of mood states score. The sensation of appetite was assessed using visual analog scale scores, and fasting plasma acylated ghrelin, insulin, and glucose were measured. The cortisol concentrations were significantly higher at Camp2 (466.7 ± 60.7 nmol∙L−1) than at Rest (356.3 ± 100.9 nmol∙L−1; p = 0.002) or Regular (361.7 ± 111.4 nmol∙L−1; p = 0.003). Both prospective and actual food consumption significantly decreased at Camp2, and acylated ghrelin concentration was significantly lower at Camp1 (34.2 ± 8.0 pg∙mL−1) and Camp2 (32.0 ± 8.7 pg∙mL−1) than at Rest (47.2 ± 11.2 pg∙mL−1) or Regular (53.4 ± 12.6 pg∙mL−1). Furthermore, the change in acylated ghrelin level was negatively correlated with the change in cortisol concentration. This study’s findings suggest that an early-phase physiological stress response may decrease the acylated ghrelin level in male power-trained athletes during an intensive training camp.

Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players

“…In our study, an increased cortisol level (Table 1) probably resulted from the fact that the study subjects trained intensively and played matches throughout the experiment. Such conditions are undoubtedly conducive to the occurrence of stress, both physical and mental, resulting from training and competition [42,43]. Under such conditions, there is a significant secretion of cortisol in the adrenal glands, which undoubtedly increases catabolism and inhibits the regeneration process [42].…”

“…It is widely known that supplementation with high doses of 5000-10,000 IU/day of vitamin D 3 is effective in treating athletes with 25(OH)D deficiency [9,14,42]. Soccer is characterized by the continuous combination of short sprints, rapid accelerations/decelerations and changes of direction interspersed with jumping, kicking, tackling and informal times for recovery [44,45].…”

Increasing Meal Frequency in Isoenergetic Conditions Does Not Affect Body Composition Change and Appetite During Weight Gain in Japanese Athletes

“…Although appetite is supposedly suppressed after strenuous training, there was no difference in appetite after high-intensity training in the previous study on athletes (Oshima et al, 2017). Training itself seems to have no effect on the appetite of athletes who undertake continuous training.…”

“…Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to subjectively evaluate appetite (Oshima et al, 2017). The subjects were asked to record their degree of satiety before every meal during the trials, on a 100mm VAS ranging from very full to very hungry.…”

Changes in Psychological Anxiety and Physiological Stress Hormones in Korea National Shooters

“…Positive correlation between psychological stress and cortisol levels and negative association between psychological stress and SIgA levels [31]. Oshima et al reported acute physiological training stress was observed an increase in plasma resting cortisol concentration [32]. He et al reported that signi cant decreases in secretion rates concentrations of sIgA was observed at times of intense training and competition [33].…”