Changes in the Amount of Cellular Trehalose, the Activity of Maltooligosyl Trehalose Hydrolase, and the Expression of Its Gene in Response to Salt Stress in the Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis

Ohmori, Kazuko; Ehira, Shigeki; Kimura, Satoshi; Ohmori, Masayuki

doi:10.1264/jsme2.me08537

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the subsequent step, the terminal disaccharide is cleaved by the maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase (Mth, EC 3.2.1.141) encoded by treZ . Similar proteins involved in Tre synthesis have also been found in the related strain Nostoc punctiforme IAM M‐15 (Yoshida and Sakamoto, 2009) and in Arthrospira ( Spirulina ) platensis NIES‐39 (Ohmori et al ., 2009) and are present in the genomes of many other cyanobacteria (Table 1). In addition, homologues of a maltose glucosylmutase that converts maltose to Tre [= trehalose synthase (TreS), EC 5.4.99.16, Nishimoto and colleagues 1996] are also present in many cyanobacterial genomes (Table 1).…”

Section: Biochemical and Molecular Basis For Compatible Solute Accumusupporting

confidence: 57%

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Compatible solute biosynthesis in cyanobacteria

Klähn

Hagemann²

2010

Environmental Microbiology

226

167

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SummaryCompatible solutes are a functional group of small, highly soluble organic molecules that demonstrate compatibility in high amounts with cellular metabolism. The accumulation of compatible solutes is often observed during the acclimation of organisms to adverse environmental conditions, particularly to salt and drought stress. Among cyanobacteria, sucrose, trehalose, glucosylglycerol and glycine betaine are used as major compatible solutes. Interestingly, a close correlation has been discovered between the final salt tolerance limit and the primary compatible solute in these organisms. In addition to the dominant compatible solutes, many strains accumulate mixtures of these compounds, including minor compounds such as glucosylglycerate or proline as secondary or tertiary solutes. In particular, the accumulation of sucrose and trehalose results in an increase in tolerance to general stresses such as desiccation and high temperatures. During recent years, the biochemical and molecular basis of compatible solute accumulation has been characterized using cyanobacterial model strains that comprise different salt tolerance groups. Based on these data, the distribution of genes involved in compatible solute synthesis among sequenced cyanobacterial genomes is reviewed, and thereby, the major compatible solutes and potential salt tolerance of these strains can be predicted. Knowledge regarding cyanobacterial salt tolerance is not only useful to characterize strainspecific adaptations to ecological niches, but it can also be used to generate cells with increased tolerance to adverse environmental conditions for biotechnological purposes.

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Section: Biochemical and Molecular Basis For Compatible Solute Accumusupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Combined protein with putative TpS and TpP activity. (p) – postulated from gene occurrence; (a) – own preliminary measurements; (b) –Klähn and colleagues (2010); (c) –Warr and colleagues (1985a); (d) –Ohmori and colleagues (2009); (e) –Higo and colleagues (2006); (f) –Reed and Stewart (1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatible solute biosynthesis in cyanobacteria

Klähn

Hagemann²

2010

Environmental Microbiology

226

167

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“…PCC 8005 cells rerouted their carbon metabolism to synthesis of storage molecules in the form of trehalose and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). Several reports suggest the contribution of trehalose in response to high salt stress [ 8 ], and in desiccation tolerance by protecting the cells and proteins from oxygen radicals [ 40 ]. Recently Webb and co-worker suggested a possible role of trehalose as an efficient protectant of protein activity (enzymes) against irradiation, either alone or in combination with Mn 2+ .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resilience of Arthrospira cells to extreme environmental conditions was reported. It has the ability to grow in highly alkaline environments [ 7 ], environments with high salt concentration: 1.5 higher than sea, ranging between 20 to 30 g L -1 [ 8 ], at extreme temperatures lower than 15°C and higher than 45°C [ 9 ], and at high light intensities as 500 μE/m 2 /s [ 10 ]. It is also able to resist ionising radiation from UV and gamma rays, as well as charged particles [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Gene Expression of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira in Response to Gamma Rays

et al. 2015

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The edible cyanobacterium Arthrospira is resistant to ionising radiation. The cellular mechanisms underlying this radiation resistance are, however, still largely unknown. Therefore, additional molecular analysis was performed to investigate how these cells can escape from, protect against, or repair the radiation damage. Arthrospira cells were shortly exposed to different doses of 60Co gamma rays and the dynamic response was investigated by monitoring its gene expression and cell physiology at different time points after irradiation. The results revealed a fast switch from an active growth state to a kind of 'survival modus' during which the cells put photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen assimilation on hold and activate pathways for cellular protection, detoxification, and repair. The higher the radiation dose, the more pronounced this global emergency response is expressed. Genes repressed during early response, suggested a reduction of photosystem II and I activity and reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycles, combined with an activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). For reactive oxygen species detoxification and restoration of the redox balance in Arthrospira cells, the results suggested a powerful contribution of the antioxidant molecule glutathione. The repair mechanisms of Arthrospira cells that were immediately switched on, involve mainly proteases for damaged protein removal, single strand DNA repair and restriction modification systems, while recA was not induced. Additionally, the exposed cells showed significant increased expression of arh genes, coding for a novel group of protein of unknown function, also seen in our previous irradiation studies. This observation confirms our hypothesis that arh genes are key elements in radiation resistance of Arthrospira, requiring further investigation. This study provides new insights into phasic response and the cellular pathways involved in the radiation resistance of microbial cells, in particularly for photosynthetic organisms as the cyanobacterium Arthrospira.

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“…11 Moreover, molecular analysis of adenylate cyclase genes has shown that A. platensis develops a number of diverse cAMP-dependent signal cascades to adapt to different severe environmental conditions. 12–14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Structure of an Economically Important Cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39

et al. 2010

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A filamentous non-N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, is an important organism for industrial applications and as a food supply. Almost the complete genome of A. platensis NIES-39 was determined in this study. The genome structure of A. platensis is estimated to be a single, circular chromosome of 6.8 Mb, based on optical mapping. Annotation of this 6.7 Mb sequence yielded 6630 protein-coding genes as well as two sets of rRNA genes and 40 tRNA genes. Of the protein-coding genes, 78% are similar to those of other organisms; the remaining 22% are currently unknown. A total 612 kb of the genome comprise group II introns, insertion sequences and some repetitive elements. Group I introns are located in a protein-coding region. Abundant restriction-modification systems were determined. Unique features in the gene composition were noted, particularly in a large number of genes for adenylate cyclase and haemolysin-like Ca2+-binding proteins and in chemotaxis proteins. Filament-specific genes were highlighted by comparative genomic analysis.

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Changes in the Amount of Cellular Trehalose, the Activity of Maltooligosyl Trehalose Hydrolase, and the Expression of Its Gene in Response to Salt Stress in the Cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Compatible solute biosynthesis in cyanobacteria

Compatible solute biosynthesis in cyanobacteria

Temporal Gene Expression of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira in Response to Gamma Rays

Genomic Structure of an Economically Important Cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39

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