Changes in the auditory neuropil after deafferentation in adult grasshoppers (Schistocerca gregaria)

Krüger, Silke; Lakes‐Harlan, Reinhard

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2009.10.006

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These molecular environments change after injury. 21,22 Here it has been tested whether contralateral injuries and molecular changes can influence ipsilateral regeneration processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contralateral Deafferentation Does Not Affect Regeneration Processes in the Auditory System of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera)

Krüger

Lakes‐Harlan

2011

J Exp Neurosci

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The auditory system of locusts has high regeneration capacity following injury of the peripheral afferents. Regenerating auditory afferents can re-innervate their target areas even after changed neuronal pathways. Here, possible influences of contralateral deafferentation on regenerating afferents were investigated. Contralateral deafferentation was performed at different stages of the regeneration. Regeneration was triggered by crushing the tympanal nerve. The regenerated fibers showed aberrant fiber outgrowth, reduced density of terminations in the target area, the auditory neuropile and collateral sprouts crossing the midline. However, these results were not significantly influenced by the contralateral deafferentation. Therefore the bilateral symmetrical systems seem to be largely independent from each other.

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“…These molecular environments change after injury. 21,22 Here it has been tested whether contralateral injuries and molecular changes can influence ipsilateral regeneration processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, degeneration decreases the expression of acetylcholine esterase. 21 Furthermore, lectin binding indicates a rapid increase of glial cell related cell surface molecules in the neuropile. 22 In addition, regenerating fibers regrow along Fasciclin 1 immunoreactive tracts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contralateral Deafferentation Does Not Affect Regeneration Processes in the Auditory System of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera)

Krüger

Lakes‐Harlan

2011

J Exp Neurosci

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“…Nevertheless, the vast majority of ORNs terminated in the AL, which is quite unusual. Generally, pathfinding errors are very common for regenerating axons (Chiba and Murphey, 1991;Lakes and Kalmring, 1991;Lakes-Harlan and Pfahlert, 1995;Stern et al, 1997;Stern and Bicker, 2008;Krüger and Lakes-Harlan, 2010). For instance, in the regenerating auditory pathway of locusts, even as many as 70% of the regenerated fibers are misrouted (Jacobs and Lakes-Harlan, 2000).…”

Section: Precision and Misrouting Of Regenerating Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Regenerating Olfactory System of the Migratory Locust

Bicker¹,

Stern²

2020

Front. Physiol.

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Regeneration after injury is accompanied by transient and lasting changes in the neuroarchitecture of the nervous system and, thus, a form of structural plasticity. In this review, we introduce the olfactory pathway of a particular insect as a convenient model to visualize neural regeneration at an anatomical level and study functional recovery at an electrophysiological level. The olfactory pathway of the locust (Locusta migratoria) is characterized by a multiglomerular innervation of the antennal lobe by olfactory receptor neurons. These olfactory afferents were axotomized by crushing the base of the antenna. The resulting degeneration and regeneration in the antennal lobe could be quantified by size measurements, dye labeling, and immunofluorescence staining of cell surface proteins implicated in axonal guidance during development. Within 3 days post lesion, the antennal lobe volume was reduced by 30% and from then onward regained size back to normal by 2 weeks post injury. The majority of regenerating olfactory receptor axons reinnervated the glomeruli of the antennal lobe. A few regenerating axons project erroneously into the mushroom body on a pathway that is normally chosen by second-order projection neurons. Based on intracellular responses of antennal lobe output neurons to odor stimulation, regenerated fibers establish functional synapses again. Following complete absence after nerve crush, responses to odor stimuli return to control level within 10–14 days. On average, regeneration of afferents, and re-established synaptic connections appear faster in younger fifth instar nymphs than in adults. The initial degeneration of olfactory receptor axons has a trans-synaptic effect on a second order brain center, leading to a transient size reduction of the mushroom body calyx. Odor-evoked oscillating field potentials, absent after nerve crush, were restored in the calyx, indicative of regenerative processes in the network architecture. We conclude that axonal regeneration in the locust olfactory system appears to be possible, precise, and fast, opening an avenue for future mechanistic studies. As a perspective of biomedical importance, the current evidence for nitric oxide/cGMP signaling as positive regulator of axon regeneration in connectives of the ventral nerve cord is considered in light of particular regeneration studies in vertebrate central nervous systems.

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“…Neurotrophic factors comparable to vertebrates are not known in insects, so it will be interesting to analyse anterograde or retrograde signals at insect synapses. Due to the permanent removal of one ear, the corresponding neuropile shrinks in volume (Krüger and Lakes-Harlan, 2010). The neurochemical composition of the neuropile area, however, is largely unchanged.…”

Section: Permanent Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neurochemical composition of the neuropile area, however, is largely unchanged. The histochemical staining intensity for acetylcholinesterase is decreased by less than 10%, whereas with immunocytochemistry no change was found for γ-amino butyric acid and serotonin (Krüger and Lakes-Harlan, 2010). The synapse specific vesicle-associated membrane protein ( vamp ) is downregulated 7 days after deafferentation (Horch et al, 2011).…”

Section: Permanent Lesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesion-induced insights in the plasticity of the insect auditory system

Lakes‐Harlan¹

2013

Front. Physiol.

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The auditory networks of Orthoptera offer a model system uniquely suited to the study of neuronal connectivity and lesion-dependent neural plasticity. Monaural animals, following the permanent removal of one ear in nymphs or adults, adjust their auditory pathways by collateral sprouting of afferents and deafferented interneurons which connect to neurons on the contralateral side. Transient lesion of the auditory nerve allows us to study regeneration as well as plasticity processes. After crushing the peripheral auditory nerve, the lesioned afferents regrow and re-establish new synaptic connections which are relevant for auditory behavior. During this process collateral sprouting occurs in the central nervous networks, too. Interestingly, after regeneration a changed neuronal network will be maintained. These paradigms are now been used to analyze molecular mechanism in neuronal plasticity on the level of single neurons and small networks.

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Changes in the auditory neuropil after deafferentation in adult grasshoppers (Schistocerca gregaria)

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Contralateral Deafferentation Does Not Affect Regeneration Processes in the Auditory System of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera)

Contralateral Deafferentation Does Not Affect Regeneration Processes in the Auditory System of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera)

Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Regenerating Olfactory System of the Migratory Locust

Lesion-induced insights in the plasticity of the insect auditory system

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