Changes in the Cytomorphometric Indices in Epitheliocytes of the Oral Mucosa of Patients with Generalized Periodontitis

Abstract

For the study of some mechanisms of the pathogenesis of generalized periodontitis, there were examined 64 patients who were divided into the following groups: Group I – 12 healthy people (6 men and 6 women); Group ІІ – 40 patients with grade I generalized periodontitis (20 men and 20 women) and Group ІІІ – 12 patients with grade II-III generalized periodontitis (6 men and 6 women). On the cytological preparations of buccal epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa stained with aceto-orcein, 100 nucleus-containing epitheliocytes were examined with the help of microscope “Axioskop”, a company Zeizz, with a 1000×magnification. Cytomorphometric characteristics were studied: the perimeter and the cell surface area, the perimeter and the surface area of ​​the nucleus, and the ratio of the surface area of the nucleus to the cell surface area.
 In all the patients with generalized periodontitis, the perimeter and cell area and the perimeter and epithelial cell nuclei area (p<0.05 – p<0.001) as well as the nuclear-cytoplasmic correlation reduced significantly, especially in men, that could be regarded as compensatory changes at the cellular level. According to the parameters of cells of epitheliocytes, and especially their nuclei, in both healthy people and patients with generalized periodontitis, gender differences were identified, especially in Group ІІІ. Thus, it could be argued that the measurement of the perimeter and the area of ​​cells of buccal epitheliocytes and their nuclei reflects the functional activity of the hereditary apparatus in the patients with generalized periodontitis.