Changes in the fatty acid composition of steelhead trout, Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, associated with parr-smolt transformation

Sheridan, Mark A.; Allen, William V.; Kerstetter, Theodore H.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(85)90444-4

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In hepatocytes, HUFA synthesis activity peaks clearly around seawater transfer with increasing activity in the late freshwater stage (Bell et al 1997;Tocher et al 2000Tocher et al , 2003. The precise timing of transfer is, of course, an artifact in a farming situation, but in general the pattern suggests the role of increased hepatic HUFA synthesis activity is an integral part of the smoltification process, with a specific physiological role to increase tissue HUFA levels in preparation for entry to seawater (Sheridan et al 1985;Li and Yamada 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, HUFA synthesis in hepatocytes increases during the freshwater phase, peaking around seawater transfer before declining again in the seawater phase Zheng et al 2005). This increase in HUFA synthetic capacity in hepatocytes is part of the pre-adaptive processes of smoltification preparing the fish for the marine environment (Folmar and Dickhoff 1980), and may contribute to the increase in tissue HUFA levels observed in anadromous salmonids in advance of transfer to seawater (Sheridan et al 1985;Li and Yamada 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional and environmental regulation of the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids and of fatty-acid oxidation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) enterocytes and hepatocytes

Fonseca-Madrigal

Bell

Tocher

2006

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Running title: PUFA metabolism in salmon fed vegetable oil Key words: Atlantic salmon, life cycle, enterocytes, hepatocytes, PUFA, HUFA, desaturation/elongation, β-oxidation, vegetable oil.Abbreviations: BHT -butylated hydroxytoluene; FAF-BSA -fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin; FO -fish oil; HBSS -Hanks balanced salt solution; HUFA -highly unsaturated fatty acids (carbon chain length ≥ C 20 with ≥ 3 double bonds); PUFA -polyunsaturated fatty acids; VO -vegetable oil. 2 AbstractThe aim was to determine if highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) intestine was under environmental and/or seasonal regulation.Triplicate groups of salmon were grown through a full two-year cycle on two diets containing either fish oil (FO), or a diet with 75% of the FO replaced by a vegetable oil (VO) blend containing rapeseed, palm and linseed oils. At key points in the life cycle, fatty acyl desaturation/elongation (HUFA synthesis) and oxidation activities were determined in enterocytes and hepatocytes using [1-14 C]18:3n-3 as substrate. As observed previously, HUFA synthesis in hepatocytes showed peak activity at seawater transfer and declined thereafter, with activity consistently greater in fish fed the VO diet. In fish fed FO, HUFA synthesis in enterocytes in the freshwater stage was at a similar level to that in hepatocytes.However, HUFA synthesis in enterocytes increased rapidly after seawater transfer and remained high for some months after transfer before decreasing to levels that were again similar to those observed in hepatocytes. Generally, enterocyte HUFA synthesis was higher in fish fed the VO diet compared to the FO diet. Oxidation of [1-14 C]18:3n-3 in hepatocytes from fish fed FO tended to decrease during the freshwater phase but then increased steeply, peaking just after transfer before decreasing during the remaining seawater phase. At the peak in oxidation activity around seawater transfer, activity was significantly lower in fish fed VO compared to fish fed FO. In enterocytes, oxidation of [1-14 C]18:3 in fish fed FO showed a peak in activity just prior to seawater transfer. In fish fed VO, other than high activity at 9 months, the pattern was similar to that obtained in enterocytes from fish fed FO with a high activity around seawater transfer and declining activity in seawater. In conclusion, fatty acid metabolism in intestinal cells appeared to be under dual nutritional and environmental or seasonal regulation. The temporal patterns for fatty acid oxidation were generally similar in the two cell types, but HUFA synthesis in enterocytes peaked over the summer seawater phase rather than at transfer, as with hepatocytes, suggesting possibly different regulatory cues.3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and environmental regulation of the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids and of fatty-acid oxidation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) enterocytes and hepatocytes

Fonseca-Madrigal

Bell

Tocher

2006

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…Previous studies have shown that dietary FA requirements for fish differ depending on life history stage (Izquierdo et al, 1996;, thus we may expect that tissue FA compositions in fish vary similarly reflecting the different biological requirements associated with each stage of their lifecycle. Sheridan et al, (1985) found significant differences in FA in muscle tissues between different life history stages of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed the same diet. The DHA content of smolt muscle tissue was significantly higher compared to parr muscle tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Furthermore, many studies were performed over relatively short periods of time, typically between 8-16 weeks , and on different stages of development (Glencross et al, 2003(Glencross et al, , 2014Sheridan et al, 1985). Although salmonids are a successfully farmed fish family, DHA requirements are not well defined and information regarding DHA composition in tissues over an entire lifecycle is essential in understanding those requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic acid in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): The importance of dietary supply and physiological response during the entire growth period

Murray

Hager

Tocher

et al. 2015

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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The aim of this 14-month feeding study was to investigate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on tissue fatty acid composition, DHA retention and DHA content per biomass accrual in muscle tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). A control feed, formulated with a relatively high DHA inclusion level (F1), was compared with feeds containing gradually reduced amounts of DHA (Feeds F2, F3, and F4). Arctic charr were randomly distributed among 12 tanks and fed one of the feeds in triplicate. The DHA content within muscle tissues of fish fed diets F1 and F2 was generally higher compared to fish fed diets F3 and F4. However, there was an interaction between dietary DHA treatment and season, which resulted in fish muscle tissues having similar DHA contents irrespective of dietary supply during specific sampling periods. Although diets F3and F4 contained ~4-fold less DHA compared to diets F1 and F2, retention of DHA in dorsal and ventral muscle tissue was up to 5-fold higher relative to the diet content in fish fed diets F3 and F4. However, the difference among treatments was dependent on the month sampled. In addition, younger fish retained DHA more efficiently compared to older fish. DHA (µg DHA/g/day) accrual in muscle tissue was independent of somatic growth, and there was no difference among treatments. The results suggested that dietary DHA may be essential throughout the lifecycle of Arctic charr and that the DHA content of muscle tissues was influenced by diet and metabolic/physiological factors, such as specific DHA retention during the entire growth cycle . Finally, this long-term feeding study in Arctic charr indicated a non-linear function in DHA retention in dorsal and ventral muscle tissues throughout the lifecycle, which varied in its relationship to dietary DHA.

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“…It is shown that in blood serum, liver, intestines, red and white muscles of parr content of polyunsaturated fats is relatively low, and content of linoleic acid is high that is typical of freshwater fishes [41]. During smoltification concentration of polyunsaturated fats with lengthy chain increases in these tissues that is typical for marine fishes.…”

Section: The Processes Connected With Preparation Of Young Salmonid Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and biochemical basis of salmon young fishes migratory behavior

Martemyanov¹,

Oblast²

2016

J Coast Life Med

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Changes in the fatty acid composition of steelhead trout, Salmo gairdnerii Richardson, associated with parr-smolt transformation

Cited by 39 publications

References 30 publications

Nutritional and environmental regulation of the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids and of fatty-acid oxidation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) enterocytes and hepatocytes

Nutritional and environmental regulation of the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids and of fatty-acid oxidation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) enterocytes and hepatocytes

Docosahexaenoic acid in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): The importance of dietary supply and physiological response during the entire growth period

Physiological and biochemical basis of salmon young fishes migratory behavior

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