Changes in the fecal microbiota of beef cattle caused by change in management and the use of virginiamycin as a growth promoter

Bessegatto, José Antonio; Paulino, Laís Resende; Lisbôa, Júlio Augusto Naylor; Alfieri, Amauri Alcindo; Montemór, Carlos Henrique; Medeiros, Leonardo Pinto; Kobayashi, Renata Katsuko Takayama; Weese, J. Scott; Costa, Márcio Paulino

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.06.011

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Considering the strict bioinformatics methods adopted for this analysis, it is unlikely that those unclassified DNA sequences are the consequence of sequencing errors [ 31 ]. Furthermore, the same pipeline and database have been used to successfully classify up to 97% of genera present in other environments [ 32 , 33 ]. Therefore, this finding may truly reflect the presence of a high number of unknown bacteria in the skin of horses, which might be of special importance for the development of new therapies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of next generation sequencing to investigate the microbiota of experimentally induced wounds and the effect of bandaging in horses

2018

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ObjectivesTo use next generation sequencing to characterize the microbiota of horses during healing of skin wounds in two anatomical locations (body and limb) known to present different healing patterns; and to investigate the impact of bandaging on bacterial communities of skin wounds located on the limbs of horses.MethodsFull-thickness skin wounds were created on the distal extremity of both thoracic limbs and on one lateral mid-thoracic wall of four healthy horses. Limb wounds were randomly assigned to bandaging or not. A full-thickness sample was collected with a biopsy punch from intact thorax and limb skin (T0) and from the margin of one wound per site (thorax, unbandaged limb, bandaged limb) 1 week (T1) and 2 weeks (T2) postoperatively, and at full healing (T3). Thoracic skin samples obtained from three healthy horses were included in the analysis as controls.ResultsAnatomic location (thorax vs. limb) significantly influenced bacterial composition of equine skin and healing wounds. Fusobacterium and Actinobacillus were strongly associated with limb wounds during the initial phases of healing. Bandaging had a significant impact on the microbiota during the healing process. The skin microbiota after healing was more similar to samples from controls, demonstrating the resilience and stability of the environment.ConclusionsEquine skin microbiota is a rich and stable environment that is disturbed by wounding, but returns to its previous stage after full healing. Anatomic location significantly influences bacterial composition of the equine skin during wound healing. Bandaging has a significant impact on the skin microbiota of horses during the healing process. Results of this study provide new insight for a better understanding of the contribution of bacteria to wound healing in horses and may facilitate the future development of therapeutic strategies using commensal bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of next generation sequencing to investigate the microbiota of experimentally induced wounds and the effect of bandaging in horses

2018

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“…Clavine alkaloids, a major alkaloid type produced by E. coenophialum, and other ergot alkaloid precursors have previously been shown to exhibit antibiotic-like properties (32,33), indicating that they contribute to changes in the microbial populations of animals grazing toxic (Eϩ) tall fescue. Although some previous studies report on how specific ruminal bacteria and/or fermentation profiles shift after exposure to Eϩ fescue or ergot alkaloids (34)(35)(36), understanding the relationship between toxic tall fescue grazing and the fecal microbiota is important, as beef cattle fecal microbiota is dynamic and shifts in response to dietary and/or management strategy changes (12,37). This is particularly important for FT, as rotational grazing is a common management practice to minimize the impact of Eϩ grazing on animal productivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

Mote

Hill

Skarlupka

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Tall fescue, the predominant southeastern United States cool-season forage grass, frequently becomes infected with an ergot alkaloid-producing toxic endophyte, Epichloë coenophialum. Consumption of endophyte-infected fescue results in fescue toxicosis (FT), a condition that lowers beef cow productivity. Limited data on the influence of ergot alkaloids on rumen fermentation profiles or ruminal bacteria that could degrade the ergot alkaloids are available, but how FT influences the grazing bovine fecal microbiota or what role fecal microbiota might play in FT etiology and associated production losses has yet to be investigated. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from weaned Angus steers grazing toxic endophyte-infected (Eϩ; n ϭ 6) or nontoxic (Max-Q; n ϭ 6) tall fescue before and 1, 2, 14, and 28 days after pasture assignment. Bacteria in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla comprised 90% of the Max-Q and Eϩ steer fecal microbiota throughout the trial. Early decreases in the Erysipelotrichaceae family and delayed increases of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were among the major effects of Eϩ grazing. Eϩ also increased abundances within the Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria phyla and the Clostridiaceae family. Multiple operational taxonomic units classified as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were correlated negatively with weight gains (lower in Eϩ) and positively with respiration rates (increased by Eϩ). These data provide insights into how Eϩ grazing alters the Angus steer microbiota and the relationship of fecal microbiota dynamics with FT. IMPORTANCE Consumption of Eϩ tall fescue has an estimated annual $1 billion negative impact on the U.S. beef industry, with one driver of these costs being lowered weight gains. As global agricultural demand continues to grow, mitigating production losses resulting from grazing the predominant southeastern United States forage grass is of great value. Our investigation of the effects of Eϩ grazing on the fecal microbiota furthers our understanding of bovine fescue toxicosis in a realworld grazing production setting and provides a starting point for identifying easyto-access fecal bacteria that could serve as potential biomarkers of animal productivity and/or FT severity for tall fescue-grazing livestock.KEYWORDS Epichloë coenophialum, fescue toxicosis, beef cattle, ergot alkaloids, microbiome, tall fescue C ulture-independent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based microbiota studies (e.g., 16S rRNA gene) in food-producing animals, like ruminants, are on the rise. The influence of the bovine microbiota on host energy status and metabolism has been studied (1-4), and recent NGS studies have linked enteric microbiota shifts to animal Citation Mote RS, Hill NS, Skarlupka JH, Turner ZB, Sanders ZP, Jones DP, Suen G, Filipov NM. 2019. Response of beef cattle fecal microbiota to grazing on toxic tall fescue. Appl Environ

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“…Employed in growth promoter dose in this study, virginiamycin was effective in controlling two precursor forms of periodontitis, gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis, and it can be considered a form of protection against the development of periodontal disease. In this context, it represents an excellent alternative to the control of periodontal diseases in bovines, especially as it does not leave residues in the meat and does not pose any risks to public health (Menzies-Gow & Young 2011, Bessegatto et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of virginiamycin for the control of periodontal disease in calves

et al. 2019

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Periodontal diseases are multifactorial infectious processes caused by complexes of microorganisms, with damage to health, production, and animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of virginiamycin in the prevention and control of two early forms of periodontal disease: gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis. Ten weaned calves, aged four to six months, were permanently kept in a single lot under the same rotational grazing regime in a newly reformed area of Panicum maximum. Five of the calves were orally administered 340mg of virginiamycin (Virginiamycin Group) daily for a period of 18 weeks, while the remaining five calves (Control Group) remained under the same food management but did not receive virginiamycin. During this period, animals underwent 18 weekly evaluations regarding periodontal health, with monitoring and recording of clinical parameters of the eight deciduous incisor teeth on the labial and lingual faces. At approximately two-week intervals, nine collections of subgingival sulcus material from five sites of the four right incisor teeth of each animal were performed and subjected to microbiological evaluation using polymerase chain reaction with primers of 25 microorganisms considered potentially pathogenic. After 1440 periodontal clinical evaluations of incisor teeth of the 10 calves, a total of 395 episodes of gingivitis were recorded, of which 267 occurred in the Control Group and 128 in the Virginiamycin Group. Similarly, 89 episodes of necrotizing gingivitis were recorded; 58 in the Control Group and 31 in the Virginiamycin Group. Comparison of between-group means found significant differences for teeth with gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis (t test; p<0.05). The total number of teeth with gingivitis (p<0.01) and necrotizing gingivitis (p<0.01) in Control Group was significantly higher than that of gingivitis (p<0.01) and necrotizing gingivitis (p<0.05) in the Virginiamycin Group. There was a positive correlation between total occurrence of gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in the Virginiamycin Group by Pearson’s test. Virginiamycin had a protective effect on treated animals compared with the Control Group (OR = 0.36: CI (95%) = 0.27-0.43). In the Control Group, Actinomyces israelli (4.74%), domain Archaea (1.58%), Eikenella corrodens (1.05%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (27.37%), class Mollicutes (5.26%); Porphyromonas endodontalis(5.26%); Porphyromonas gulae(0.53%), Prevotella buccae (6.32%), Prevotella loescheii (3.68%), Prevotella nigrescens (8.42%), Prevotella oralis (1.58%), Tannerella forsythia (0.53%), and Treponema denticola (4.21%) were detected at healthy sites, and gingivitis or necrotizing gingivitis samples. In the Virginiamycin Group, A. israelli (3.41%), domain Archaea (0.98%), F. nucleatum (9.27%), class Mollicutes(4.39%), P. endodontalis (4.39%), P. gulae (0.49%), P. buccae (8.29%), P. loescheii (6.83%), P. nigrescens (15.61%), P. oralis (1.46%), Selenomonas sputigena (0.49%), T. forsythia (0.49%), and T. denticola (2.44%) were detected. In conclusion, virginiamycin administered at a dosage of 340mg/animal/day significantly reduced the occurrence of gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in cattle maintained on reformed pastures, and was revealed to have action against periodontal bacterial microbiota considered to be potentially pathogenic.

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Changes in the fecal microbiota of beef cattle caused by change in management and the use of virginiamycin as a growth promoter

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Use of next generation sequencing to investigate the microbiota of experimentally induced wounds and the effect of bandaging in horses

Use of next generation sequencing to investigate the microbiota of experimentally induced wounds and the effect of bandaging in horses

Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

Efficacy of virginiamycin for the control of periodontal disease in calves

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