Changes in the normal corneal endothelial cellular pattern as a function of age

Yee, Richard W.; Matsuda, Michihiko; Schultz, Richard O.; Edelhauser, Henry F.

doi:10.3109/02713688509017661

Cited by 340 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[9][10][11]15,17,[21][22][23][24][25] Consistent with the majority of other published reports, there was no significant difference in mean ECD based on gender in this study. 5,9,16,17,26,27 With regards to the reliability and repeatability of the NAVIS endothelial analysis system, automated endothelial analysis often fails to correctly identify endothelial cell borders. 14,28 However, Kitzman et al 14 have demonstrated that after manual correction of cell borders detected by the NAVIS automated software, the endothelial density, coefficient of variation of cell area, and percentage of hexagonal cells were not different from those determined by the Corners method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well established that there is a gradual decrease in endothelial cell density (ECD) and a corresponding increase in polymegathism and pleomorphism with advancing age. 1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Clinically, the assessment of ECD and morphology can provide valuable information in relation to the functional reserve of the corneal endothelium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying relationships between tomography-derived corneal thickness, curvature, and diameter and in vivo confocal microscopic assessment of the endothelium in healthy corneas of young adults

Patel

McGhee

2008

Eye

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Purpose Despite the importance of a healthy endothelial layer in anterior segment surgery, the possible influence of corneal parameters on endothelial cell density (ECD) has largely been ignored in the young adult eye. This study investigated the possible associations between corneal tomographic parameters and ECD values in young adults. Methods Subjects aged 21-30 years, with normal corneas were recruited. Mean ECD, mean cell area (MCA), coefficient of variation for cell area (COVA), and proportion of hexagonal cells were derived by in vivo confocal microscopy. The Orbscan II system was used to measure corneal parameters including: thickness, horizontal corneal diameter, corneal curvature, anterior and posterior elevation, and eccentricity. Results Sixty-two subjects (42 female, 20 male) were included (mean age 25±3 years). Overall mean ECD was 3169±309 cells/mm 2 with no differences between genders. Mean percentage of hexagonality was 53 ± 5%, male subjects (55%) had a higher percentage of hexagonal cells than female subjects (51%) (P ¼ 0.02). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was 529±43 lm. Central ECD was significantly correlated with CCT (Pearson's r ¼ 0.26, P ¼ 0.04). However, horizontal corneal diameter (r ¼ 0.19, P ¼ 0.14), anterior corneal curvature (r ¼ À0.07, P ¼ 0.6), and posterior corneal curvature (r ¼ À0.07, P ¼ 0.6) were not correlated with ECD or percentage of hexagonality. There was no statistically significant association between anterior chamber depth (3.6±0.3 mm) and ECD (r ¼ 0.15, P ¼ 0.3). Conclusion Corneal thickness is related to ECD in normal young adult eye, with lower ECD values identified in thinner corneas; however, corneal diameter and corneal curvature do not have a significant correlation with ECD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying relationships between tomography-derived corneal thickness, curvature, and diameter and in vivo confocal microscopic assessment of the endothelium in healthy corneas of young adults

Patel

McGhee

2008

Eye

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“…7 Central endothelial cell density decreases throughout life at an average rate of about 0.6%/year 8 so that the mean cell density was found to decrease from 3400 cells/mm 2 at age 15 to 2300 cells/mm 2 at age 85 years. 9 Racial or geographic differences appear to exist; higher cell densities were found in Japanese than in American subjects. 10 The corneal endothelium secretes collagen that forms a basement membrane called Descemet's membrane.…”

Section: Endothelium In Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the corneal endothelium in health and disease

Bourne

2003

Eye

260

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“…The central endothelial cell density decreases at an average rate of 0.6% per year. 28,29 To preserve ocular transparency, endothelial cell density must remain above a critical level, usually between 400 and 500 cells/mm 2 . 30 Adjacent cells communicate through gap junctions and tight junctions, whereas the basal surface is adhered to Descemet's membrane by hemidesmosomes.…”

Section: Corneal Endothelium Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal endothelium: developmental strategies for regeneration

Zavala

Jaime

Barrientos

et al. 2013

Eye

113

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The main treatment available for restoration of the corneal endothelium is keratoplasty. This procedure is faced with several difficulties, including the shortage of donor tissue, postsurgical complications associated with the use of drugs to prevent immune rejection, and a significant increase in the occurrence of glaucoma. Recently, surgical procedures such as Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty have focused on the transplant of corneal endothelium, yielding better visual results but still facing the need for donor tissue. The emergent strategies in the field of cell biology and tissue cultivation of corneal endothelial cells aim at the production of transplantable endothelial cell sheets. Cell therapy focuses on the culture of corneal endothelial cells retrieved from the donor, in the donor's cornea, followed by transplantation into the recipient. Recently, research has focused on overcoming the challenge of harvesting human corneal endothelial cells and the generation of new biomembranes to be used as cell scaffolds in surgical procedures. The use of corneal endothelial precursors from the peripheral cornea has also demonstrated to be effective and represents a valuable tool for reducing the risk of rejection in allogeneic transplants. Several animal model reports also support the use of adult stem cells as therapy for corneal diseases. Current results represent important progresses in the development of new strategies based on alternative sources of tissue for the treatment of corneal endotheliopathies. Different databases were used to search literature: PubMed, Google Books, MD Consult, Google Scholar, Gene Cards, and NCBI Books. The main search terms used were: 'cornea AND embryology AND transcription factors', 'human endothelial keratoplasty AND risk factors', '(cornea OR corneal) AND (endothelium OR endothelial) AND cell culture', 'mesenchymal stem cells AND cell therapy', 'mesenchymal stem cells AND cornea', and 'stem cells AND (cornea OR corneal) AND (endothelial OR endothelium)'.

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Changes in the normal corneal endothelial cellular pattern as a function of age

Cited by 340 publications

References 23 publications

Identifying relationships between tomography-derived corneal thickness, curvature, and diameter and in vivo confocal microscopic assessment of the endothelium in healthy corneas of young adults

Identifying relationships between tomography-derived corneal thickness, curvature, and diameter and in vivo confocal microscopic assessment of the endothelium in healthy corneas of young adults

Biology of the corneal endothelium in health and disease

Corneal endothelium: developmental strategies for regeneration

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