Changes in the Perceived Color of Very Bright Stimuli

Cornsweet, Tom N.; Fowler, Harry; Rabedeau, Ronald G.; Whalen, Richard E.; Williams, David R.

doi:10.1126/science.128.3329.898

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…This quenching persists for some 20 min, and occurs also in human rod visual purple (Weale, 1962). The existence of this quenching effect shows that the photo-55P PROCEEDINGS OF THE sensitivities of the foveal pigments and of visual purple are equal to within a few per cent (Weale, 1965) and all but harmonizes our data on the Brucke-Bezold phenomenon (Weale, 1964) and those obtained in great detail by Cornsweet, Fowler, Rabedean, Whalen & Williams (1958 Chemical measurements have shown that the stomach of the foetal rabbit is absorbing Na against its gradient of electrochemical potential from the 20th day of gestation (and possibly before). From the 23rd day, H and Cl ions were also found to be secreted into the stomach against their gradients of electrochemical potential (Wright, 1961(Wright, , 1963.…”

Section: Psupporting

confidence: 84%

Communications

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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Section: Psupporting

confidence: 84%

Communications

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Purdy's observations, however, were made on only moderate to high intensity long-wavelength fields. At very high intensities, the apparent color of a long-wavelength field gradually changes from red to yellow and finally to green, which remains the Bsteady-state[ appearance (Auerbach & Wald, 1955;Cornsweet, Fowler, Rabedeau, Whalen, & Williams, 1958). Indeed, we also observe that very intense long-wavelength backgrounds (above the transition from +sLÀsM to ÀsL+sM) obtain a green tinge under steady-state conditions.…”

Section: Physiological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Long-wavelength adaptation reveals slow, spectrally opponent inputs to the human luminance pathway

Stockman

Plummer

2005

Journal of Vision

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In addition to its expected fast, additive L- and M-cone inputs (L + M), the luminance pathway has slow, spectrally opponent inputs. We have previously shown that on long-wavelength fields, the dominant slow signals change from L-M at moderate intensity levels to M-L signals at high. Here, we focus on the transition between them, which we find is marked by substantial changes in temporal phase delay, and by large and unexpected shifts in flicker spectral sensitivity. At moderate temporal frequencies, counter to the selective adaptation caused by the field, spectral sensitivity changes from being M-cone-like to more L-cone-like. These changes can be accounted for by a change in the relative strengths of the slow spectrally opponent cone signals from L-M exceeding M-L below the transition to M-L exceeding L-M above it, and by the resulting changes in constructive and destructive interference between the dominant signal components. We speculate that the transition is caused by the deep-red field becoming equivalent, postreceptorally, to a green field at high bleaching levels. These results further challenge the dogma that there are separable psychophysical channels for the transmission and processing of color and luminance information. Although its output generates an achromatic percept, the luminance channel has spectrally opponent inputs.

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“…(This transition and a model related to the one shown in Figure 11 were proposed in 2006 and discussed in detail in Stockman & Plummer, 2005a. ) Indeed, at very high intensities, the hue of a long-wavelength field gradually changes from red to yellow and finally to green, which remains the steady-state appearance (Auerbach & Wald, 1955;Cornsweet et al, 1958).…”

Section: A Working Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On long-wavelength backgrounds of low to moderate intensity, we suppose that the L-cones are suppressed relative to M-cones by the background fields, so that network signals through M-cones will predominate, thus favoring the ÀsM and þsL that travel though M-cones (see below). On intense long-wavelength backgrounds on which the L-cones are significantly bleached but the M-cones are not, and the background hue shifts towards yellow or green (Auerbach & Wald, 1955;Cornsweet, Fowler, Rabedeau, Whalen, & Williams, 1958), we suppose that the relative M-cone sensitivity losses start to exceed those of the L-cones, thus switching the balance to favor ÀsL and þsM signals through L-cones (Stockman & Plummer, 2005a). Similarly, on short-wavelength backgrounds, we suppose that the M-cones are relatively suppressed by the background fields, so that network signals through L-cones predominate, thus also favoring ÀsL and þsM signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed cone-opponent signals in the luminance pathway

et al. 2018

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Cone signals in the luminance or achromatic pathway were investigated by measuring how the perceptual timing of M- or L-cone-detected flicker depended on temporal frequency and chromatic adaptation. Relative timings were measured, as a function of temporal frequency, by superimposing M- or L-cone-isolating flicker on "equichromatic" flicker (flicker of the same wavelength as the background) and asking observers to vary contrast and phase to cancel the perception of flicker. Measurements were made in four observers on up to 35 different backgrounds varying in wavelength and radiance. Observers showed substantial perceptual delays or advances of L- and M-cone flicker that varied systematically with cone class, background wavelength, and radiance. Delays were largest for M-cone-isolating flicker. Although complex, the results can be characterised by a surprisingly simple model in which the representations of L- and M-cone flicker are comprised not only of a fast copy of the flicker signal, but also of a slow copy that is delayed by roughly 30 ms and varies in strength and sign with both background wavelength and radiance. The delays, which are too large to be due to selective cone adaptation by the chromatic backgrounds, must arise postreceptorally. Clear evidence for the slow signals can also be found in physiological measurements of horizontal and magnocellular ganglion cells, thus placing the origin of the slow signals in the retina-most likely in an extended horizontal cell network. Luminance-equated stimuli chosen to isolate chromatic channels may inadvertently generate slow signals in the luminance channel.

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Changes in the Perceived Color of Very Bright Stimuli

Abstract: nide-sensitive terminal respiratory pathway. The other, in which menadione or other electron acceptors can function, does not involve the cyanide-sensitive pathway, but rather a diaphorase type flavoprotein-catalyzed cyanide-insensitive reaction. l\10RTON 1\1.

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

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Long-wavelength adaptation reveals slow, spectrally opponent inputs to the human luminance pathway

Delayed cone-opponent signals in the luminance pathway

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